With reference to India's launch vehicle technology developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), consider the following statements:
1. PSLV is a four-stage launch vehicle configured with alternating solid and liquid propulsion stages.
2. GSLV Mk II utilizes an indigenous Cryogenic Upper Stage (CUS) to place payloads of up to 2,500 kg into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO).
3. LVM3 (GSLV Mk III) is designed as a four-stage vehicle using twin hypergolic liquid strap-on boosters.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 2 onlyCevap
- B2 and 3 only
- C1 and 3 only
- D1, 2 and 3
Cevap
Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because LVM3 is a three-stage launch vehicle utilizing twin solid strap-on boosters.
The option stating '1 and 2 only' is correct. PSLV operates on a four-stage alternating solid-liquid propulsion mechanism (PS1 solid, PS2 liquid Vikas engine, PS3 solid, PS4 liquid). GSLV Mk II integrates the indigenous CE-7.5 cryogenic upper stage and carries a GTO payload of around 2,250–2,500 kg. Meanwhile, LVM3 (GSLV Mk III) is a three-stage launch vehicle comprising twin S200 solid strap-on boosters, an L110 liquid core stage, and a C25 cryogenic upper stage, making statement 3 false.
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ISRO Launch Vehicle Specifications and Stage Architectures