Examkin

Indian Economy and Social Development

241 soru

Tüm türler241Çoktan seçmeli126Çoklu seçim32Sayısal10Eşleştirme49Sıralama24
Soru 161Soru →

Arrange the following landmark regulatory and operational developments in the Indian banking and monetary policy system in chronological order, starting from the earliest to the most recent:

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Cevap

The correct chronological order of key Indian banking and monetary system developments is: (1) Establishment of the Reserve Bank of India (1935), followed by (2) Enactment of the Banking Regulation Act (1949), then (3) Nationalisation of 14 major commercial banks (1969), and finally (4) Formal introduction of the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (2000).
The correct sequence traces the historical milestone evolution of the Indian monetary and banking framework: the Reserve Bank of India was set up in 1935, followed by the enactment of the Banking Regulation Act in 1949. Major structural social banking expansion occurred with the nationalisation of 14 commercial banks in 1969, and market-oriented liquidity management matured with the launch of the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) in 2000.

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1
Identify the year of establishment of the Reserve Bank of India.
The RBI was established on April 1, 1935.
It established the central banking statutory architecture in India prior to independence.
2
Determine the enactment year of the Banking Regulation Act.
The Banking Companies Act was passed in 1949 (renamed the Banking Regulation Act in 1966).
This provided the post-independence legal foundation for RBI regulation of commercial banks.
3
Identify the historical year of the first major wave of bank nationalisation.
14 major commercial banks were nationalised in 1969.
This structural intervention brought credit direction under state control to expand financial inclusion and agriculture/priority sector lending.
4
Identify the period of introduction of the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF).
The RBI introduced the LAF framework in June 2000.
This marked a shift from direct credit controls to market-based quantitative liquidity tools (Repo and Reverse Repo rates).

Anahtar Kavram

Chronological evolution of central banking regulatory framework and monetary control mechanisms in India
Soru 162Soru →

Regarding demographic concepts, employment classifications, and national skill development initiatives in India, which of the following statements are correct?

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Cevap: Disguised unemployment is characterized by a situation where more people are engaged in a job than required, resulting in a marginal physical productivity of labor that approaches zero.; The Worker Population Ratio (WPR) measures the percentage of employed persons within the total population of a given region or age group.

Cevap

The correct statements are those defining disguised unemployment by near-zero marginal productivity of labor and defining the Worker Population Ratio (WPR) as the proportion of employed persons in the total population.
The statements describing disguised unemployment as having near-zero marginal productivity of labor and WPR as the percentage of employed persons relative to total population are accurate according to labor statistics standards.

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1
Evaluate the definition of disguised unemployment
Disguised unemployment occurs when excess workers are employed, making the marginal productivity of labor zero or negligible.
This is the standard economic definition of disguised unemployment.
2
Evaluate the mandate of Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY)
DDU-GKY requires at least 70% placement for trained poor rural youth, not 100% public sector placement.
Scheme guidelines specify placement targets across formal economy sectors rather than exclusive public sector guarantees.
3
Evaluate the Worker Population Ratio (WPR) formula
WPR = (Total Employed Persons / Total Population) * 100.
This correctly describes how WPR is calculated standardly by official labor force surveys.
4
Evaluate the definition of structural unemployment
Temporary job transitions represent frictional unemployment, whereas structural unemployment reflects technological changes or skill mismatches.
Frictional and structural unemployment represent distinct mechanisms in labor market dynamics.

Anahtar Kavram

Demographic trends, key employment indicators (WPR, disguised vs. frictional/structural unemployment), and policy mandates of flagship skill schemes (DDU-GKY).
Soru 163Soru →

Consider the following statements regarding national income accounting identities and price indices in India:

1. Gross Value Added (GVA) at basic prices includes net product taxes (product taxes minus product subsidies) and excludes net production taxes.
2. The GDP deflator includes the price changes of imported goods, whereas the Consumer Price Index (CPI) strictly excludes imported consumer goods.
3. The GDP deflator is calculated as the ratio of Nominal GDP to Real GDP, expressed as a percentage.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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Cevap: 3 only

Cevap

The statement stating '3 only' is correct.
Statement 3 is the only correct statement. The GDP Deflator is an overall price index calculated by dividing Nominal GDP (current prices) by Real GDP (constant prices) and multiplying by 100. Statement 1 incorrectly swaps production and product taxes; basic prices include net production taxes while excluding net product taxes. Statement 2 incorrectly claims GDP deflator includes imports; GDP deflator reflects only domestic production, whereas CPI includes imported consumer items.

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1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding GVA at basic prices
GVA at basic prices = Factor Cost + Net Production Taxes (Production Taxes - Production Subsidies). Product taxes (like GST) are added later to obtain GDP at market prices. Thus, Statement 1 is incorrect.
Basic prices incorporate taxes/subsidies on production processes (e.g., land revenue, stamp duty) rather than on final products.
2
Analyze Statement 2 regarding GDP Deflator vs CPI scope
The GDP deflator covers all domestically produced goods and services and excludes imports. The CPI measures prices of goods/services consumed by households, which includes imported consumer items. Thus, Statement 2 is incorrect.
GDP by definition measures domestic production, so imported items do not enter the GDP deflator.
3
Analyze Statement 3 regarding the GDP Deflator formula
GDP Deflator = (Nominal GDP / Real GDP) × 100. Thus, Statement 3 is correct.
Nominal GDP measures output at current prices, whereas Real GDP measures output at constant base-year prices.

Anahtar Kavram

Distinction between GVA basic prices vs market prices, and structural differences between GDP Deflator and CPI
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s
Soru 164Soru →

Match the monetary policy tools and mechanisms of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) listed under Column I with their correct operational characteristics described under Column II.

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Öğeler

Marginal Standing Facility (MSF)
Standing Deposit Facility (SDF)
Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR)
Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)

Eşleşmeler

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Cevap

Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) pairs with the emergency overnight borrowing window against securities; Standing Deposit Facility (SDF) pairs with the uncollateralized liquidity absorption mechanism; Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) pairs with mandatory cash reserves parked with the RBI without interest; Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) pairs with mandatory liquid assets (gold, G-Secs) maintained by banks themselves.
Each monetary policy tool matches its operational feature: MSF is an emergency borrowing window above repo requiring collateral; SDF acts as an uncollateralized liquidity absorption floor; CRR represents non-interest-bearing cash parked with RBI; and SLR denotes liquid assets (primarily G-Secs and gold) held by commercial banks.

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1
Identify the primary collateral requirements and interest earning aspects of quantitative tools.
Differentiate between collateralized/uncollateralized instruments and cash vs asset reserve requirements.
MSF requires collateral (G-Secs) at a higher rate, whereas SDF absorbs liquidity without collateral.
2
Analyze CRR versus SLR reserve requirements.
CRR is maintained exclusively in cash balances with the RBI, whereas SLR is maintained by banks in liquid assets like G-Secs and gold.
CRR controls bank lending capacity directly via central bank reserves, while SLR ensures solvency and creates domestic market demand for government bonds.
3
Match each tool in Column I to its accurate definition in Column II.
MSF -> Emergency overnight borrowing; SDF -> Uncollateralized liquidity floor; CRR -> Unremunerated cash reserves with RBI; SLR -> Liquid asset holdings (G-Secs/gold).
This alignment fully reflects RBI's monetary framework and liquidity management corridor structure.

Anahtar Kavram

Quantitative Monetary Policy Instruments and Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) Corridor Mechanics
Soru 165Soru →

Consider the following statements regarding types of unemployment and skill development initiatives in India:

1. Frictional unemployment occurs when individuals are temporarily unemployed while actively transitioning from one job to another or searching for better opportunities.
2. Under the National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS), the Government of India provides financial support by sharing stipend costs directly transferred to apprentices.
3. Seasonal unemployment primarily affects workers in the formal urban manufacturing sector due to rapid technological automation.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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Cevap: 1 and 2 only

Cevap

1 and 2 only are correct statements.
Statement 1 correctly defines frictional unemployment as a temporary search period between job transitions. Statement 2 accurately describes NAPS, under which government stipend support is directly disbursed via Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) to apprentices. Statement 3 is incorrect because seasonal unemployment is linked to seasonal industries like agriculture, sugar mills, and tourism, whereas unemployment arising from technological advancement in manufacturing is termed structural unemployment.

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1
Analyze Statement 1
Statement 1 is correct.
Frictional unemployment refers to the short-term period when workers are between jobs or searching for new positions matching their skill sets.
2
Analyze Statement 2
Statement 2 is correct.
The National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS) includes Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) component where the central government directly reimburses part of the prescribed stipend to apprentices' bank accounts.
3
Analyze Statement 3
Statement 3 is incorrect.
Seasonal unemployment occurs during specific times of the year when demand for labor decreases, predominantly observed in agriculture and agro-based industries, not in formal urban manufacturing due to technological automation (which is structural unemployment).

Anahtar Kavram

Classification of Unemployment Types and Implementation of National Skill Initiatives
Soru 166Soru →

Consider the following statements regarding the quantitative monetary policy instruments utilized by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI):

1. The Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) is maintained by commercial banks under Section 42 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, as a specified percentage of their Net Demand and Time Liabilities (NDTL) held with the RBI, on which banks receive no interest earnings.
2. The Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) is mandated under Section 24 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, and can be maintained in liquid assets such as cash, gold, and unencumbered approved government securities.
3. An upward revision in the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) by the RBI enhances the primary credit creation capacity of commercial banks by expanding their lendable reserve base.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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Cevap: 1 and 2 only

Cevap

Statements 1 and 2 only are correct.
Statements 1 and 2 accurately state the legal statutory frameworks governing cash reserve and statutory liquidity requirements in India. Under Section 42 of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, scheduled commercial banks maintain CRR with the RBI without receiving interest earnings. Under Section 24 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, banks maintain SLR in specified liquid forms including cash, gold, and unencumbered government bonds. Statement 3 is wrong because raising CRR locks up liquidity and reduces bank credit expansion capacity.

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1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding statutory provisions and interest on CRR.
Statement 1 is correct. Under Section 42(1) of the RBI Act, 1934, scheduled commercial banks must maintain CRR as a balance with the RBI. RBI does not pay interest on CRR balances.
Verify the legal basis and financial rules governing Cash Reserve Ratio balances.
2
Analyze Statement 2 regarding SLR mandate and permissible asset forms.
Statement 2 is correct. Section 24 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, empowers RBI to mandate SLR in liquid assets comprising cash, gold, and unencumbered G-Secs/Treasury Bills.
Verify the governing act and eligible asset classes for Statutory Liquidity Ratio compliance.
3
Analyze Statement 3 regarding the economic transmission mechanism of raising CRR.
Statement 3 is incorrect. Increasing CRR forces banks to transfer a larger portion of NDTL to the RBI, directly reducing their excess loanable reserves and money multiplier capacity.
Evaluate the quantitative monetary policy impact of CRR adjustments on market liquidity and bank lending.

Anahtar Kavram

Statutory Foundations and Liquidity Transmission of CRR and SLR
Tahmini Süre:1m 15s
Soru 167Soru →

Match the demographic and labor market concepts listed under List-I with their correct definitions listed under List-II.

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Öğeler

Worker Population Ratio (WPR)
Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR)
Dependency Ratio
Skill Gap Assessment

Eşleşmeler

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Cevap

Worker Population Ratio (WPR) matches with the percentage of the total population that is actively employed. Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) matches with the percentage of the population that is either employed or actively seeking work. Dependency Ratio matches with the ratio of dependent population to the working-age population. Skill Gap Assessment matches with the analysis identifying missing technical competencies between industry demand and workforce capabilities.
Worker Population Ratio reflects the share of total population employed. Labour Force Participation Rate captures both employed and job-seeking unemployed persons. Dependency Ratio evaluates demographic burden by comparing dependent age groups to the working-age cohort. Skill Gap Assessment diagnoses workforce training mismatches relative to market demand.

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1
Identify the definition of Worker Population Ratio (WPR).
WPR measures the proportion of total population engaged in productive economic employment.
WPR focuses exclusively on those currently employed relative to the overall population.
2
Identify the definition of Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR).
LFPR measures both employed individuals and those unemployed but actively searching for work.
The labour force includes both employed and unemployed persons within the economic workforce.
3
Determine the definition of Dependency Ratio.
It compares dependents (aged 0–14 and 65+) against the working-age population (aged 15–64).
A lower dependency ratio indicates a favorable demographic dividend.
4
Match Skill Gap Assessment with its primary objective.
It measures mismatch between industry-required skillsets and existing worker competencies.
Skill gap evaluation guides vocational training policy to enhance employability.

Anahtar Kavram

Key Demographic and Labor Market Indicators
Soru 168Soru →

Consider the following statements regarding the Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman (PM POSHAN) scheme:

1. The scheme extends coverage to children studying in pre-primary classes (Balvatika) in government and government-aided primary schools.
2. The honorarium paid to cook-cum-helpers and the core cooking cost per child are funded 100% by the Central Government across all States.
3. Conducting annual social audits across all districts is a mandatory feature for monitoring scheme implementation.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

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Cevap: 1 and 3 only

Cevap

Statements 1 and 3 are correct, while Statement 2 is incorrect.
Statements 1 and 3 accurately describe key features of the PM POSHAN scheme. The scheme expands nutritional support to pre-primary (Balvatika) students in primary schools and mandates annual social audits in all districts. Statement 2 is incorrect because PM POSHAN operates as a Centrally Sponsored Scheme where cooking costs and cook honorariums are shared between the Central Government and State Governments (60:40 for general states, 90:10 for NE/Himalayan states) rather than being 100% central funded.

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1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding beneficiary coverage under PM POSHAN.
Statement 1 is correct. The PM POSHAN scheme (renamed from the Mid-Day Meal Scheme) extended coverage to children studying in Balvatika (pre-primary classes) in government and government-aided primary schools in addition to classes I-VIII.
Expanding early childhood care and nutrition is a primary component of the restructured scheme.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding the funding mechanism for cooking costs and cook honorariums.
Statement 2 is incorrect. PM POSHAN is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme. While the cost of foodgrains and their transportation is 100% borne by the Central Government, cooking costs and honorariums for cook-cum-helpers are shared between the Centre and States/UTs in the ratio of 60:40 for States with Legislature (90:10 for North Eastern States, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Jammu & Kashmir, and 100% for UTs without Legislature).
Centrally Sponsored Schemes feature cost-sharing arrangements for recurring operational expenses between Central and State governments.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding accountability and monitoring provisions.
Statement 3 is correct. Mandatory conducting of annual Social Audits in all districts, along with involvement of university students/institutions for evaluation, is prescribed under the scheme's guidelines.
Social audits promote community participation, transparency, and accountability in welfare delivery.

Anahtar Kavram

PM POSHAN Scheme provisions, coverage scope, and Centrally Sponsored funding ratio
Soru 169Soru →

Which of the following international financial transactions is correctly classified under the Capital Account of India's Balance of Payments (BoP)?

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Cevap: Reinvestment of retained earnings by a foreign direct investor into its Indian subsidiary

Cevap

The reinvestment of retained earnings by a foreign direct investor into its Indian subsidiary is classified under the Capital Account as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).
The correct choice is the option mentioning the reinvestment of retained earnings by a foreign parent company. According to IMF BoP manual standards adopted by the RBI, foreign direct investment comprises equity capital, reinvested earnings, and intra-company loans. Reinvested earnings are credited as FDI under the Capital Account.

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1
Differentiate between Current Account and Capital Account transactions in BoP.
Current Account records trade in goods, services, primary income (interest, dividend, profit), and secondary income (remittances). Capital Account records transactions altering foreign asset/liability stock (FDI, FPI, loans/ECBs, banking capital).
Clear categorization based on Reserve Bank of India (RBI) BoP accounting rules is required.
2
Analyze each option's financial nature.
Dividends, worker remittances, and interest payments on external debts represent income flows and transfers without creating financial claims/liabilities, putting them in the Current Account. Retained earnings reinvested by foreign investors directly increase foreign direct equity holdings in India, which is an FDI inflow under the Capital Account.
Reinvested earnings represent accrued investment capital assigned back into the enterprise, altering financial liabilities/equity.

Anahtar Kavram

Classification of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) components in the Balance of Payments
Soru 170Soru →

Match the high-level agricultural policy committees in List-I with their primary reform recommendations and mandates in List-II:

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Öğeler

Abhijit Sen Committee (2002)
Shanta Kumar Committee (2014)
National Commission on Farmers / Swaminathan Committee (2006)
Ramesh Chand Committee (2015)

Eşleşmeler

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Cevap

Abhijit Sen Committee (2002) matches with formulating a Long-Term Grain Policy and buffer stock norms; Shanta Kumar Committee (2014) matches with restructuring FCI and reducing NFSA beneficiary coverage to 40%; Swaminathan Committee (2006) matches with recommending MSP at 50% above comprehensive cost (C2C_2); Ramesh Chand Committee (2015) matches with revising CACP methodology for crop cost calculations.
Each agricultural committee corresponds precisely to its policy mandate: Abhijit Sen Committee formulated the Long-Term Grain Policy (2002); Shanta Kumar Committee proposed restructuring FCI and reducing NFSA coverage (2014); Swaminathan Commission recommended setting MSP at C2+50%C_2 + 50\% (2006); and Ramesh Chand Committee reviewed CACP's crop cost calculation methodology (2015).

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1
Analyze the primary mandate of the Abhijit Sen Committee (2002).
It was mandated to formulate a Long-Term Grain Policy for India, addressing buffer stock norms, price support, and PDS mechanisms.
The committee sought to resolve structural inefficiencies in procurement and grain management during the post-Green Revolution period.
2
Analyze the primary mandate of the High-Level Committee chaired by Shanta Kumar (2014).
It recommended major reforms in Food Corporation of India (FCI) logistics, introducing Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT), outsourcing grain handling, and reducing National Food Security Act (NFSA) coverage from 67% to 40%.
The objective was restructuring food supply chain economics and curbing operational leaks.
3
Analyze the recommendation of the National Commission on Farmers / Swaminathan Committee (2006).
It recommended establishing MSP at C2+50%C_2 + 50\%, where C2C_2 includes all paid-out costs, imputed value of family labor, interest on owned capital, and land rent.
This aimed at ensuring agricultural profitability and financial stability for farm households.
4
Analyze the focus of the Ramesh Chand Committee (2015).
It addressed methodological discrepancies in CACP's cost concepts (A2A_2, A2+FLA_2+FL, and C2C_2), proposing inclusions for managerial labor costs and updated land rental values.
Farmers' organizations had raised concerns that traditional CACP estimates understated actual production costs.

Anahtar Kavram

Indian Agricultural Committees, Food Security Policy, FCI Reforms, and Price Support Mechanics
Soru 171Soru →

Which of the following statements regarding agricultural price support policies and WTO subsidy classifications in India are correct?

Geçerli olan tümünü seçin

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Cevap: Minimum Support Prices (MSP) for mandated crops are recommended by the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).; Fair and Remunerative Price (FRP) is the statutory price that sugar mills are required to pay to sugarcane farmers.

Cevap

The correct statements are that Minimum Support Prices (MSP) are recommended by the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP), and Fair and Remunerative Price (FRP) is the price sugar mills are legally required to pay sugarcane growers.
The Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) submits price recommendations for mandated crops, making the statement regarding CACP accurate. Additionally, sugarcane pricing is governed by the Fair and Remunerative Price (FRP) mechanism, which mills are statutory bound to pay to sugarcane farmers.

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1
Evaluate the institutional mechanism for MSP recommendation.
Identify that the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) recommends MSP for mandated crops.
CACP is the specialized agency designated under the Ministry of Agriculture to determine price support recommendations.
2
Examine the pricing regime specific to sugarcane.
Confirm that sugarcane pricing is governed by the Fair and Remunerative Price (FRP).
FRP is determined under the Sugarcane (Control) Order, 1966, to protect growers from payment defaults by sugar mills.
3
Review WTO subsidy box definitions.
Recognize that Green Box subsidies are non-trade distorting.
Amber Box subsidies, not Green Box subsidies, represent trade-distorting support subject to de minimis limits and reduction targets.

Anahtar Kavram

Agricultural Price Support Mechanisms and WTO Subsidy Classifications
Soru 172Soru →

According to a state economic survey on income distribution, the top 10%10\% of the population holds 52%52\% of the total gross income, whereas the bottom 40%40\% of the population accounts for 13%13\% of the total gross income. Based on the standard Palma ratio metric for income inequality, what is the calculated Palma ratio for this state?

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Cevap: 4

Cevap

The calculated Palma ratio for the state is 4.04.0.
The Palma ratio is defined as the ratio of the richest 10%10\% of the population's share of gross national income divided by the poorest 40%′s40\%'s share. Substituting the given values (52%52\% divided by 13%13\%) gives a Palma ratio of 4.04.0.

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1
Extract the relevant income shares from the economic survey data.
Income share of top 10%=52%10\% = 52\%, Income share of bottom 40%=13%40\% = 13\%.
The Palma ratio specifically compares the income share of the top decile to that of the bottom four deciles.
2
Calculate the ratio of the top decile share to the bottom four deciles share.
\text{Palma Ratio} = \frac{52}{13} = 4.0
Applying the formula: Palma Ratio = (Income share of top 10%) / (Income share of bottom 40%).

Anahtar Kavram

Palma Ratio as an Inequality Metric
Soru 173Soru →

Which of the following statements regarding the institutional framework, target eligibility criteria, and social assistance components of the National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) are correct?

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Cevap: The programme is administered by the Ministry of Rural Development and serves to fulfill the Directive Principles of State Policy under Article 41 of the Constitution of India.; Under the National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS), a lump-sum financial assistance is provided to a BPL household upon the death of the primary breadwinner aged between 18 and 59 years.

Cevap

The correct statements are that NSAP is administered by the Ministry of Rural Development to fulfill Article 41 Directive Principles, and that the National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS) provides a lump-sum financial assistance upon the death of a primary breadwinner aged 18–59 years.
The National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP) is administered centrally by the Ministry of Rural Development, implementing Directive Principles of State Policy contained in Article 41. Additionally, the National Family Benefit Scheme component provides a lump-sum grant of ₹20,000 to eligible BPL households upon the natural or accidental death of a primary breadwinner within the 18–59 age bracket.

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1
Analyze administrative structure and constitutional basis of NSAP
NSAP is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme administered by the Ministry of Rural Development in fulfillment of Article 41 of the Constitution of India.
Verifying the nodal ministry and statutory/constitutional alignment.
2
Evaluate age thresholds for Indira Gandhi National Disability Pension Scheme (IGNDPS)
IGNDPS applies to eligible BPL persons with 80% or higher disability aged 18 to 79 years, not starting at 60.
Testing specific age band eligibility requirements.
3
Examine the provisions of the National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS)
NFBS grants ₹20,000 assistance to BPL families when a primary breadwinner aged 18–59 dies.
Confirming grant parameters and target beneficiary criteria.
4
Assess target coverage conditions of the Annapurna Scheme
Annapurna targets uncovered senior citizens, explicitly excluding active recipients of IGNOAPS to avoid double dipping.
Identifying mutual exclusion rules within NSAP sub-schemes.

Anahtar Kavram

Institutional Architecture and Eligibility Framework of the National Social Assistance Programme (NSAP)
Soru 174Soru →

Consider the following statements regarding the Minimum Support Price (MSP) cost estimation methodology used by the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) and agricultural price support operational frameworks in India:

1. Cost A2A2 includes all direct cash and in-kind expenses incurred by the farmer on seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, hired labor, leased-in land rent, fuel, and irrigation.
2. Cost A2+FLA2+FL includes Cost A2A2 along with an imputed financial value of unpaid family labor.
3. Cost C2C2 is a comprehensive cost concept that adds imputed interest on owned capital assets and rental value of owned land to Cost A2+FLA2+FL.
4. Under the Price Deficiency Payment Scheme (PDPS) component of PM-AASHA, government procurement agencies physically procure oilseeds directly from registered farmers at Mandis whenever market prices fall below MSP.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

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Cevap: 1, 2, and 3 only

Cevap

1, 2, and 3 only
Statements 1, 2, and 3 are factually accurate definitions of CACP cost accounting. Cost A2A2 captures all explicit out-of-pocket expenses incurred during cultivation. Cost A2+FLA2+FL adds the imputed economic value of unpaid family labor to A2A2. Cost C2C2 is the comprehensive economic cost that incorporates imputed rent on owned land and imputed interest on fixed capital assets alongside A2+FLA2+FL. Statement 4 is incorrect because the Price Deficiency Payment Scheme (PDPS) component of PM-AASHA does NOT involve physical procurement of oilseeds; instead, it pays farmers the direct monetary difference between the MSP and the modal market price.

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1
Analyze Statements 1, 2, and 3 regarding CACP cost structures.
Cost A2A2 covers paid-out direct costs (seeds, fertilizer, hired labor, fuel, leased-in land rent). Cost A2+FLA2+FL adds imputed family labor to A2A2. Cost C2C2 includes A2+FLA2+FL plus imputed interest on owned capital assets and rental value of owned land. Thus, statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct.
Understanding the precise economic cost definitions is essential to evaluating MSP benchmark formulas (A2+FLA2+FL vs C2C2).
2
Evaluate Statement 4 regarding the Price Deficiency Payment Scheme (PDPS) under PM-AASHA.
Under PDPS (modeled after Madhya Pradesh's Bhavantar Bhugtan Yojana), registered farmers receive direct cash transfers covering the difference between the MSP and the modal market price when oilseeds are sold in notified markets. No physical procurement of oilseeds is conducted by the government under PDPS.
Physical procurement of oilseeds is conducted under the Physical Procurement Scheme (PSS), not PDPS.
3
Synthesize correct statements.
Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct, while statement 4 is incorrect.
Matching evaluated statements to the corresponding option yields the final answer.

Anahtar Kavram

CACP MSP Cost Accounting Concepts (A2, A2+FL, C2) and PM-AASHA Sub-Schemes
Tahmini Süre:2m 0s
Soru 175Soru →

In the context of post-independence land reforms in India, which of the following measures was implemented first to eliminate feudal tenure systems?

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Cevap: Abolition of intermediaries (such as Zamindars, Jagirdars, and Inamdars)

Cevap

Abolition of intermediaries (such as Zamindars, Jagirdars, and Inamdars)
Immediately after independence, the abolition of intermediaries was prioritized as the foundational land reform measure in India. State legislations passed during the early 1950s brought nearly 20 million cultivators into direct contact with the government, giving them ownership rights over the land they tilled.

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1
Identify the primary structural reform undertaken immediately following Indian independence.
The immediate target of agricultural reform was eliminating the parasitic layer of feudal landlords between the state and actual tillers.
Intermediary systems like Zamindari led to heavy rack-renting and agricultural stagnation.
2
Verify the chronological order of land reform phases in India.
Phase 1 (1950s) achieved the abolition of intermediaries; Phase 2 (1960s-1970s) focused on tenancy regulation and land ceiling laws; Phase 3 focused on land records and consolidation.
Zamindari Abolition Acts were passed by various state legislatures right after the Constitution came into force.

Anahtar Kavram

Phases of Post-Independence Land Reforms in India
Soru 176Soru →

When the Reserve Bank of India increases the Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) for commercial banks, which of the following is the immediate effect on the banking system?

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Cevap: The lendable resources available with commercial banks for credit expansion decrease.

Cevap

The lendable resources available with commercial banks for credit expansion decrease.
Raising the Statutory Liquidity Ratio obligates commercial banks to hold a greater portion of their Net Demand and Time Liabilities in approved liquid assets (primarily Government Securities). Because more capital is locked into these specified assets, the amount of cash remaining for commercial lending and credit creation directly contracts.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Define Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR)
SLR is the mandatory percentage of Net Demand and Time Liabilities (NDTL) that commercial banks must maintain in liquid assets (such as government securities, gold, or unencumbered cash).
Understanding the definition helps determine where the money goes when SLR changes.
2
Analyze the impact of increasing SLR on bank funds
When RBI raises the SLR, banks must invest a higher proportion of their deposits into eligible liquid assets.
Higher mandatory investments reduce the residual funds that can be deployed as loans and advances.
3
Conclude liquidity impact
Lendable resources contract, reducing bank credit expansion in the economy.
Fewer unencumbered funds are available for commercial lending.

Anahtar Kavram

Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) and Bank Liquidity Transmission
Tahmini Süre:1m 0s
Soru 177Soru →

Consider the following statements regarding the Suresh Tendulkar Committee (2009) methodology for estimating poverty in India:

1. It shifted the poverty estimation framework away from anchoring poverty lines strictly to explicit calorie intake norms.
2. It recommended separate, distinct poverty line commodity baskets for rural and urban areas.
3. It moved from the Uniform Reference Period (URP) to the Mixed Reference Period (MRP) for measuring household consumption expenditure.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

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Cevap: 1 and 3 only

Cevap

The statements stating that the Tendulkar Committee moved away from calorie norms (Statement 1) and adopted the Mixed Reference Period (Statement 3) are correct, while the statement claiming separate commodity baskets were used (Statement 2) is incorrect. Therefore, '1 and 3 only' is the correct response.
Statements 1 and 3 are factually accurate regarding the Suresh Tendulkar Committee (2009). The committee moved away from fixed calorie intake benchmarks and shifted from Uniform Reference Period (URP) to Mixed Reference Period (MRP). Statement 2 is incorrect because the committee recommended a single, uniform national urban poverty line basket applicable to both rural and urban areas (adjusted regionally for local price levels).

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding calorie intake norms
Statement 1 is correct.
Prior to 2009 (under the Lakdawala methodology), poverty lines were anchored to 2400 kcal/day (rural) and 2100 kcal/day (urban). The Suresh Tendulkar Committee discontinued this explicit calorie-anchored benchmark due to changing nutritional patterns.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding rural and urban commodity baskets
Statement 2 is incorrect.
The Tendulkar Committee recommended a uniform Poverty Line Basket (PLB) across both rural and urban India based on the urban consumption specifications, rather than maintaining separate commodity baskets.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding reference periods for NSSO consumption expenditure
Statement 3 is correct.
The committee shifted from the 30-day Uniform Reference Period (URP) to the Mixed Reference Period (MRP), which captures low-frequency expenditure items (such as clothing, footwear, education, and health) over a 365-day recall period.

Anahtar Kavram

Methodology of the Suresh Tendulkar Committee (2009) on Poverty Estimation
Soru 178Soru →

Match the agricultural marketing, procurement, and financial institutions in List-I with their primary objective or statutory mandate in List-II:

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Öğeler

Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP)
National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India (NAFED)
Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC)
Warehousing Development and Regulatory Authority (WDRA)

Eşleşmeler

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Cevap

The Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) formulates MSP and FRP recommendations based on cost structures. The National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India (NAFED) acts as the central procurement agency for oilseeds, pulses, and copra under the Price Support Scheme. The Small Farmers Agribusiness Consortium (SFAC) is the lead agency implementing e-NAM. The Warehousing Development and Regulatory Authority (WDRA) regulates the negotiable warehouse receipt system.
Each institution matches its precise statutory or policy mandate: CACP advises on price policy formulation (MSP/FRP); NAFED executes price support operations for pulses and oilseeds; SFAC manages the digital agricultural marketing infrastructure (e-NAM); and WDRA regulates the negotiable warehouse receipt mechanism to improve post-harvest credit flow.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the core mandate of the Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).
CACP is an advisory body that calculates farm production costs (A2, A2+FL, C2) and recommends MSPs for 22 mandated crops as well as FRP for sugarcane.
Distinguishing recommendatory bodies from operational procurement agencies is essential for assessing agricultural price support architecture.
2
Analyze the operational role of NAFED in agricultural commodity markets.
NAFED executes price support procurement operations specifically for non-foodgrain commercial crops like pulses and oilseeds.
While the Food Corporation of India (FCI) handles wheat and paddy procurement, NAFED handles pulse and oilseed market intervention.
3
Identify the institutional manager of the e-NAM platform.
SFAC is mandated to deploy software, onboard APMCs, and manage trading operations on e-NAM.
SFAC acts as the specialized financial and managerial agency promoting agribusiness integration.
4
Determine the regulatory authority overseeing post-harvest warehousing credit.
WDRA implements the statutory provisions of the Warehousing (Development and Regulation) Act, 2007 for negotiable warehouse receipts.
NWRs enable farmers to pledge stored produce to commercial banks for liquidity, mitigating distress sales.

Anahtar Kavram

Institutional Architecture of Agricultural Pricing, Procurement, and Market Infrastructure in India
Soru 179Soru →

Consider the following statements regarding the structural accounting of India's Balance of Payments (BoP):

1. Profit earned by a foreign entity in India and repatriated to its parent company abroad is recorded as a debit entry under the Current Account.
2. Foreign Institutional Investor (FII) equity inflows into Indian stock markets are classified under the Current Account as invisible transfer receipts.
3. Interest payments made by an Indian enterprise on External Commercial Borrowings (ECB) are recorded under the Capital Account.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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Cevap: 1 only

Cevap

1 only
Statement 1 is the only correct statement. Repatriation of profits by foreign corporations operating within India constitutes an outflow of primary investment income, which is categorized under the invisibles section of the Current Account as a debit. Statement 2 is incorrect because Portfolio Investment (FII) creates a claim on domestic financial assets and is recorded under the Capital Account. Statement 3 is incorrect because interest paid to service foreign loans (ECB) is classified as an investment income debit under the Current Account, whereas only the principal borrowed or repaid is logged in the Capital Account.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding repatriated profits.
Repatriated profits are part of investment income (primary income account under invisibles) in the Current Account. Since money goes out of India, it is recorded as a debit entry under the Current Account. Statement 1 is correct.
Income earned on foreign investments (dividends, profit, interest) is serviced through the Current Account.
2
Analyze Statement 2 regarding FII equity inflows.
Foreign Institutional Investor (FII) flows reflect cross-border asset purchase (portfolio investment), which creates a financial liability. Thus, FII inflows are recorded under foreign investment in the Capital Account, not the Current Account. Statement 2 is incorrect.
Portfolio investments alter the financial asset/liability position of the country.
3
Analyze Statement 3 regarding interest paid on External Commercial Borrowings (ECB).
While the principal loan amount of ECBs is recorded under the Capital Account, the servicing of debt (interest payments) is an income outflow recorded under investment income in the Current Account. Statement 3 is incorrect.
Debt principal flows affect capital liabilities (Capital Account), whereas interest servicing is an income transaction (Current Account).

Anahtar Kavram

Balance of Payments Accounting: Distinguishing Current Account Income Flows from Capital Account Asset Transactions
Soru 180Soru →

Arrange the following major Indian food security and agricultural support initiatives in chronological order of their launch or enactment, from the earliest to the most recent:

Öğeleri doğru sıraya koymak için sürükleyin

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Cevap

The correct chronological order from earliest to most recent is: Establishment of the Agricultural Prices Commission (1965), Introduction of the Targeted Public Distribution System (1997), Enactment of the National Food Security Act (2013), and Launch of PM-KISAN (2019).
The correct timeline begins with the Agricultural Prices Commission formed in 1965 to stabilize crop prices, followed by the Targeted Public Distribution System introduced in 1997 to focus subsidies, the National Food Security Act enacted in 2013 to grant legal entitlement to food, and the PM-KISAN scheme launched in 2019 for direct income transfer.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the historical year associated with each agricultural policy or program.
Agricultural Prices Commission (1965), TPDS (1997), NFSA (2013), PM-KISAN (2019).
Determining the correct year of establishment/launch is required to form a timeline.
2
Sequence the events from the earliest year to the latest year.
1965 -> 1997 -> 2013 -> 2019.
The question specifies ordering from earliest to most recent.

Anahtar Kavram

Timeline of key policy interventions in agricultural price support, food distribution, and income support in post-independence India.
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Indian Economy and Social Development Alıştırma Soruları — State PSC Exam — Sayfa 9 | Examkin