Match each clinical exposure scenario with the most appropriate post-exposure prophylaxis or initial preventive management strategy.
- Healthcare worker with no prior vaccination sustains a needlestick injury from a patient who is HBsAg-positive.Administration of hepatitis B immune globulin and initiation of the hepatitis B vaccine series
- College student who shared a dormitory room with a peer recently diagnosed with Neisseria meningitidis meningitis.Administration of single-dose oral ciprofloxacin or oral rifampin twice daily for 2 days
- Camper who awakens to find a bat in their tent but has no visible bite marks.Administration of rabies immune globulin and initiation of the rabies vaccine series
- Hiker in the northeastern United States who removes an engorged Ixodes scapularis tick that was attached for approximately 48 hours.Administration of single-dose oral doxycycline
Cevap
Each specific exposure scenario must be matched with its guideline-directed post-exposure prophylaxis regimen.
Each exposure scenario carries a specific pathogen risk that mandates a targeted prophylactic strategy. Needlestick exposure to Hepatitis B in an unvaccinated host requires both passive (HBIG) and active (vaccine) immunity. Meningococcal meningitis close contacts need short-course antibiotics like ciprofloxacin to clear nasopharyngeal carriage. Bat exposures, due to the subtle nature of their bites and the fatal outcome of rabies, require both RIG and rabies vaccine. Finally, an Ixodes tick attached for greater than 36 hours in an endemic area meets the criteria for a single prophylactic dose of doxycycline.
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Anahtar Kavram
Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) protocols for common infectious disease exposures