Match each clinical study scenario to the epidemiological measure of disease frequency or … — USMLE Step 2 CK

Match each clinical study scenario to the epidemiological measure of disease frequency or association it best describes.

A cross-sectional survey on July 1st identifies 500 people with asthma out of a town of 10,000 residents.Point prevalence
Over a 5-year period, 200 out of 5,000 previously healthy adults are newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.Cumulative incidence
A prospective cohort study determines that the incidence of lung cancer in smokers is 8 times higher than the incidence in non-smokers.Relative risk
A case-control study determines that patients with food poisoning had 5 times higher odds of having eaten potato salad compared to healthy controls.Odds ratio

The correct pairings match each distinct study scenario with its defining epidemiological measure.

Each scenario perfectly aligns with the fundamental definition of the respective epidemiological measure.

Analyze the first scenario regarding existing asthma cases at a specific time (July 1st).

Identified as Point prevalence.

Prevalence measures the proportion of all existing cases in a population at a single point in time.

Analyze the second scenario regarding newly diagnosed diabetes cases over 5 years.

Identified as Cumulative incidence.

Incidence measures the proportion of new cases occurring in an at-risk population over a specified period.

Analyze the third scenario comparing disease incidence between exposed and unexposed groups.

Identified as Relative risk.

Relative risk is the ratio of incidence in the exposed group to the incidence in the unexposed group.

Analyze the fourth scenario comparing past exposures between cases and controls.

Identified as Odds ratio.

Odds ratio compares the odds of exposure among cases to the odds of exposure among controls.

Measures of Disease Frequency and Association

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