Match each physical examination finding describing a characteristic cardiac murmur to the most likely underlying cardiovascular condition or pathology.
- A mid-systolic click followed by a late systolic murmur; the click occurs earlier in systole upon abrupt standing.Mitral valve prolapse
- A holosystolic murmur at the left lower sternal border that prominently increases in intensity during inspiration.Tricuspid regurgitation
- An early diastolic decrescendo murmur that is auscultated best along the right sternal border.Aortic root dilation
- A harsh, crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur at the left lower sternal border that increases in intensity during the Valsalva maneuver.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- A mid-diastolic rumbling murmur with a presystolic accentuation, immediately following a high-pitched early diastolic sound at the apex.Mitral stenosis
Cevap
L1 matches with Mitral valve prolapse; L2 matches with Tricuspid regurgitation; L3 matches with Aortic root dilation; L4 matches with Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; L5 matches with Mitral stenosis.
Each physical examination finding uniquely describes the hemodynamics and acoustic properties of specific structural heart diseases, which can be distinguished using proper auscultation locations and dynamic bedside maneuvers.
Adım Adım Çözüm
Anahtar Kavram
Differentiation of structural heart diseases and valvular pathologies through careful auscultation and dynamic maneuvers.
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