Match each clinical research scenario or epidemiologic calculation to the most appropriate measure of disease frequency or association.
- A prospective study compares the development of lung cancer between a group of smokers and a group of non-smokers.Relative risk
- A retrospective study compares the history of smoking between a group of patients with lung cancer and a group of healthy controls.Odds ratio
- A public health survey determines the proportion of residents in a city who currently have asthma on a specific date.Point prevalence
- A surveillance program tracks the number of newly diagnosed asthma cases in a population over a one-year period.Incidence rate
Cevap
The prospective study pairs with relative risk, the retrospective case-control study pairs with odds ratio, the survey of current cases pairs with point prevalence, and the tracking of new cases pairs with incidence rate.
Cohort studies follow subjects forward in time to determine disease incidence, allowing the calculation of relative risk. Case-control studies start with diseased patients and look backward at exposures, necessitating the odds ratio. Point prevalence is a snapshot of all current cases at one moment, while incidence rate measures only newly diagnosed cases over a specified duration.
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Anahtar Kavram
Measures of Disease Frequency and Association