Match each of the following distinct clinical presentations to the most likely psychiatric medication-induced emergency or movement disorder.
- Sudden onset of sustained, involuntary muscle contractions, such as torticollis or oculogyric crisis, shortly after receiving intramuscular haloperidol.Acute dystonic reaction
- Gradual development of hyperthermia, extreme generalized 'lead-pipe' muscle rigidity, autonomic instability, and elevated creatine kinase after increasing a fluphenazine dose.Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)
- Rapid onset of altered mental status, diaphoresis, hyperreflexia, and prominent lower extremity clonus in a patient taking citalopram and tramadol.Serotonin syndrome
- Gradual emergence of repetitive, involuntary, choreoathetoid movements of the face, mouth, and tongue after five years of uninterrupted risperidone therapy.Tardive dyskinesia
- Development of a distressing subjective sense of inner restlessness and a compelling urge to pace the room constantly, two weeks after starting aripiprazole.Akathisia
Cevap
Match the specific clinical features and timeline of symptom onset to their respective psychiatric medication-induced emergencies and adverse effects.
Each clinical scenario contains pathognomonic features for a specific medication-induced adverse effect. Acute dystonia involves sudden sustained muscle contractions. NMS presents with lead-pipe rigidity and hyperthermia. Serotonin syndrome features hyperreflexia and clonus. Tardive dyskinesia involves delayed-onset choreoathetoid movements. Akathisia is characterized by severe restlessness.
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Distinguishing characteristics of psychiatric medication-induced emergencies and movement disorders