A medical student is reviewing common adverse effects of antihypertensive medications frequently prescribed in the primary care setting. Match each patient's clinical presentation to the antihypertensive medication most likely responsible for their symptoms.
- A 55-year-old woman develops a persistent, dry, hacking cough a few weeks after starting a new medication for hypertension.Lisinopril
- A 62-year-old man presents with bilateral, pitting ankle edema that worsens by the end of the day.Amlodipine
- A 48-year-old man presents with acute, severe pain, swelling, and erythema in his right first metatarsophalangeal joint.Hydrochlorothiazide
- A 50-year-old man complains of new-onset fatigue, exercise intolerance, and cold extremities.Metoprolol
Cevap
The correct matches align the persistent dry cough with Lisinopril, the pitting ankle edema with Amlodipine, the acute gout flare with Hydrochlorothiazide, and the fatigue with cold extremities with Metoprolol.
Each clinical presentation represents a classic, high-yield adverse effect of a primary antihypertensive drug class. Lisinopril (ACE inhibitor) causes a bradykinin-mediated cough. Amlodipine (calcium channel blocker) causes peripheral edema via precapillary vasodilation. Hydrochlorothiazide (thiazide diuretic) decreases renal uric acid excretion, precipitating gout. Metoprolol (beta-blocker) reduces cardiac output, leading to fatigue and cold extremities.
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Anahtar Kavram
Adverse effects of first-line antihypertensive medications.