Soru

Zorluk: ZorReproductive Endocrinology and Infertility

A 3232-year-old woman is evaluated in the clinic for a 22-year history of inability to conceive. She has never been pregnant. She and her partner have been engaging in frequent, unprotected intercourse. Over the past 1818 months, her menstrual cycles have lengthened to 4545 to 6060 days, and she has noticed increased dark hair growth on her upper lip and chin, requiring her to shave twice a week. She also reports a 12-kg12\text{-kg} (26-lb26\text{-lb}) weight gain during this period, predominantly in her abdominal area, and says she feels profoundly weak when trying to climb the stairs to her apartment. She takes a daily multivitamin. Vital signs show a blood pressure of 154/96 mm Hg154/96 \text{ mm Hg}, pulse of 82/min82\text{/min}, and BMI of 33 kg/m233 \text{ kg/m}^2. Physical examination reveals a rounded, plethoric face and broad, violaceous stretch marks over the lower abdomen. Pelvic examination is unremarkable. Pelvic ultrasonography demonstrates bilaterally enlarged ovaries with multiple peripherally oriented small cysts. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial diagnostic step to ascertain the underlying cause of this patient's ovulatory dysfunction?

  1. A
    Early morning serum 1717-hydroxyprogesterone level
  2. B
    Serum total testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels
  3. 2424-hour measurement of urinary free cortisolCevap
  4. D
    Two-hour oral glucose tolerance test
  5. E
    Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level

Cevap

The correct answer is 2424-hour measurement of urinary free cortisol.
The correct answer is 2424-hour measurement of urinary free cortisol. This patient presents with a phenotype mimicking polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), including oligo-ovulation, hirsutism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. However, PCOS is a diagnosis of exclusion. This patient has prominent features of Cushing syndrome, including new-onset hypertension, central obesity, facial plethora, proximal muscle weakness (difficulty climbing stairs), and broad violaceous striae. The catabolic effects of excess cortisol on connective tissue and muscle differentiate Cushing syndrome from typical PCOS. Because hypercortisolism causes secondary insulin resistance and stimulates ovarian androgen production, it frequently mimics PCOS. The most appropriate initial step is to screen for hypercortisolism using one of three first-line tests: 2424-hour urinary free cortisol, late-night salivary cortisol, or an overnight low-dose dexamethasone suppression test.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the clinical syndrome presented by the patient.
The patient has signs of hyperandrogenism (hirsutism), oligo-ovulation (irregular menses), and polycystic ovaries on ultrasound, mimicking PCOS. However, she also has classic features of hypercortisolism (Cushing syndrome), including central obesity, a plethoric face, proximal muscle weakness, broad violaceous striae, and hypertension.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a diagnosis of exclusion. Other endocrinopathies must be considered, especially when specific pathognomonic signs are present.
2
Determine the relationship between Cushing syndrome and the patient's reproductive symptoms.
Excess cortisol leads to insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia, which stimulates ovarian androgen production and alters gonadotropin release, producing a PCOS-like phenotype.
Understanding that Cushing syndrome can secondarily cause polycystic ovarian morphology and anovulation is key to selecting the primary diagnostic test.
3
Select the most appropriate initial diagnostic step for the suspected underlying condition.
Initial screening for Cushing syndrome includes 2424-hour urinary free cortisol, late-night salivary cortisol, or an overnight low-dose dexamethasone suppression test.
Establishing the presence of hypercortisolism is required before proceeding to find the anatomic source of the disease.

Anahtar Kavram

Cushing syndrome can mimic polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by causing hyperandrogenism, oligo-ovulation, and polycystic ovaries. The presence of catabolic signs such as proximal myopathy and wide violaceous striae, along with hypertension, should prompt immediate screening for hypercortisolism.
Tahmini Süre:2m 0s
Bu soruyu puanla