Match the following classic pediatric clinical presentations and physical examination findings with their most likely underlying congenital heart disorder.
- Continuous, 'machine-like' murmur best heard at the left infraclavicular area, associated with widened pulse pressure and bounding peripheral pulses.Patent ductus arteriosus
- Harsh, holosystolic murmur best heard at the left lower sternal border, often accompanied by a palpable thrill, in an otherwise acyanotic infant.Ventricular septal defect
- Harsh systolic ejection murmur at the left upper sternal border, a single S2, and episodic severe cyanosis relieved by knee-chest positioning.Tetralogy of Fallot
- Decreased and delayed femoral pulses compared to brachial pulses, upper extremity hypertension, and a systolic murmur heard over the left interscapular area.Coarctation of the aorta
- Profound cyanosis within hours of birth, a single S2, and an 'egg-on-a-string' appearance of the cardiac silhouette on chest radiography.Transposition of the great arteries
Cevap
The correct matching aligns Patent ductus arteriosus with a continuous machine-like murmur, Ventricular septal defect with a holosystolic lower sternal border murmur, Tetralogy of Fallot with a systolic ejection murmur and cyanotic spells, Coarctation of the aorta with brachial-femoral pulse delay, and Transposition of the great arteries with neonatal cyanosis and an 'egg-on-a-string' chest X-ray.
Each clinical presentation contains pathognomonic physical examination and imaging findings that correspond to a specific congenital heart defect. Accurate diagnosis relies on identifying key features such as murmur timing (continuous versus holosystolic), location, cyanosis presence, and pulse character.
Adım Adım Çözüm
Anahtar Kavram
Clinical presentation and pathognomonic physical examination findings of common congenital heart defects.
Tahmini Süre:1m 30s