Match each clinical scenario or definition regarding advance directives and end-of-life care to the most appropriate ethical principle or legal concept.
- A terminally ill patient receives escalating doses of opioids for severe pain, which inadvertently suppresses their respiratory drive and hastens death.Principle of double effect
- A competent adult patient with a curable infection refuses life-saving antibiotics, fully understanding that this decision will result in their death.Respect for patient autonomy
- A written legal document in which a patient outlines specific medical interventions they would accept or refuse if they lose decision-making capacity.Living will
- A designated individual formally appointed by a patient to make medical decisions on their behalf should the patient become incapacitated.Healthcare proxy (Durable power of attorney for healthcare)
Cevap
The correct matches are: 1) Opioid use for pain hastening death matches the Principle of double effect. 2) Refusing life-saving antibiotics matches Respect for patient autonomy. 3) The document detailing specific treatments matches a Living will. 4) The designated individual matches a Healthcare proxy.
Each scenario perfectly aligns with core ethical principles and legal documents used in end-of-life care. The principle of double effect covers dual-outcome interventions intended for comfort; autonomy covers the right to refuse care; a living will is a document of medical wishes; and a healthcare proxy is an appointed surrogate decision-maker.
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Advance Directives and End-of-Life Ethical Principles