Match each psychotropic medication used during pregnancy with its most characteristic associated fetal or neonatal adverse effect.
- LithiumCyanosis and a holosystolic murmur; echocardiography reveals downward displacement of the tricuspid valve.
- ValproateA sac-like protrusion on the lower back containing spinal cord tissue, resulting from impaired maternal folate metabolism.
- ParoxetineVentricular septal defect or persistent pulmonary hypertension following first-trimester exposure.
- CarbamazepineMidfacial hypoplasia, microcephaly, and fingernail hypoplasia (specific anticonvulsant embryopathy).
- DiazepamHypotonia, lethargy, poor suckling, and temperature instability shortly after birth (floppy infant syndrome).
Cevap
Lithium causes Ebstein anomaly; Valproate causes neural tube defects; Paroxetine causes cardiac septal defects; Carbamazepine causes craniofacial and fingernail hypoplasia; Diazepam causes floppy infant syndrome.
Psychotropic medications carry distinct risks during pregnancy. The matched pairings reflect the classical teratogenic and neonatal adverse effects associated with these specific agents, which must be carefully weighed against the risks of untreated psychiatric illness.
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Anahtar Kavram
Teratogenic and neonatal adverse effects of psychotropic medications