Soru

Zorluk: KolaySurgical and Procedural Interventions

An 82-year-old male resident of a skilled nursing facility is transported to the emergency department after experiencing progressive abdominal distention, nausea, and an inability to pass flatus or stool for the past 48 hours. He has a past medical history of advanced Parkinson disease, chronic constipation, and hypertension. Current vital signs include a temperature of 37.1°C (98.8°F), blood pressure of 135/85 mmHg, pulse of 88/min, and respirations of 16/min. Physical examination reveals a massively distended and tympanitic abdomen. There is mild diffuse discomfort to palpation, but no guarding, rigidity, or rebound tenderness is appreciated. A plain upright abdominal radiograph is obtained and demonstrates a markedly dilated loop of large bowel forming a characteristic 'coffee bean' appearance extending from the pelvis toward the upper abdomen, without pneumoperitoneum. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the procedural management of this patient?

  1. Endoscopic detorsion via flexible sigmoidoscopyCevap
  2. B
    Immediate exploratory laparotomy and bowel resection
  3. C
    Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis with contrast
  4. D
    Nasogastric tube placement and administration of polyethylene glycol
  5. E
    Discharge to the nursing facility with a regimen of daily enemas

Cevap

Endoscopic detorsion via flexible sigmoidoscopy
The correct intervention is endoscopic detorsion via flexible sigmoidoscopy. This patient's presentation of a massively distended, tympanitic abdomen with a classic 'coffee bean' sign on plain radiography is pathognomonic for sigmoid volvulus. Because he is hemodynamically stable and his abdominal exam does not show signs of peritonitis (which would suggest bowel necrosis or perforation), the preferred initial procedural intervention is non-operative endoscopic decompression. A flexible sigmoidoscope or rigid proctoscope is advanced into the sigmoid colon to untwist the volvulus, which typically results in a dramatic rush of flatus and stool with immediate relief of symptoms.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the patient's presentation and imaging findings
The combination of chronic constipation, massive distension, lack of peritonitis, and a 'coffee bean' sign on radiograph indicates an uncomplicated sigmoid volvulus.
Accurate clinical diagnosis dictates the choice between endoscopic versus surgical intervention.
2
Determine the optimal procedural intervention based on clinical stability
Because the patient is hemodynamically stable and lacks signs of ischemia or perforation (e.g., no rigidity, normal vitals), endoscopic decompression is indicated.
Endoscopic detorsion is both diagnostic and therapeutic, avoiding the morbidity of emergency surgery in elderly, high-risk patients.

Anahtar Kavram

The initial procedural management of choice for uncomplicated sigmoid volvulus is endoscopic detorsion via flexible sigmoidoscopy.
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