Match each clinical scenario with the most appropriate infection control isolation precautions.
- A 62-year-old renal transplant recipient with a vesicular rash involving the right T4, T5, and T6 dermatomes.Airborne and Contact precautions
- A 19-year-old with sudden onset fever and nuchal rigidity, admitted 4 hours ago and receiving intravenous ceftriaxone for suspected bacterial meningitis.Droplet precautions
- A 72-year-old woman with profuse watery diarrhea and leukocytosis after completing a course of clindamycin.Contact precautions (enteric; soap and water for hand hygiene)
- A 45-year-old healthy man with a painful vesicular rash strictly localized to the right T4 dermatome; lesions are completely covered by a dry dressing.Standard precautions
- A 35-year-old man with a 3-week history of productive cough, night sweats, and an apical cavitary lesion on chest radiograph.Airborne precautions
Cevap
Immunocompromised disseminated zoster -> Airborne and Contact precautions; Meningococcal meningitis (<24h therapy) -> Droplet precautions; C. difficile -> Contact precautions (enteric); Localized, covered zoster in immunocompetent -> Standard precautions; Pulmonary tuberculosis -> Airborne precautions.
The correct matches align directly with CDC infection control guidelines. Disseminated zoster or localized zoster in an immunocompromised patient requires Airborne and Contact precautions. Neisseria meningitidis is transmitted via respiratory droplets and requires Droplet precautions for the first 24 hours of effective therapy. C. difficile spores are resistant to alcohol-based sanitizers, requiring Contact precautions with soap and water hand hygiene. Localized, covered zoster in an immunocompetent patient requires only Standard precautions. Pulmonary tuberculosis is transmitted via aerosolized droplet nuclei and requires Airborne precautions in a negative pressure room.
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Anahtar Kavram
Appropriate isolation precautions must be tailored to the pathogen's transmission route and patient-specific factors, such as immune status and the containment of infectious lesions.