Match each eponymous abdominal physical examination sign with its precise underlying anatomical and pathophysiological mechanism.
- Kehr signDiaphragmatic irritation leading to referred pain via the phrenic nerve (C3-C5)
- Cullen signTracking of retroperitoneal hemorrhage along the falciform ligament to the periumbilical subcutaneous tissue
- Psoas signLocalized peritoneal inflammation overlying the retrofascial pelvic musculature, exacerbated by active hip extension
- Rovsing signRetrograde displacement of bowel gas or pressure transmission stretching the inflamed visceral peritoneum of the cecum and appendix
Cevap
Kehr sign matches with diaphragmatic irritation and phrenic nerve referred pain. Cullen sign matches with retroperitoneal hemorrhage tracking to the umbilicus. Psoas sign matches with retrofascial pelvic musculature inflammation. Rovsing sign matches with retrograde displacement of bowel gas or pressure transmission.
Each physical examination sign has a distinct and specific anatomical basis. Kehr sign relies on the shared C3-C5 sensory innervation between the diaphragm and shoulder. Cullen sign depends on the continuity of retroperitoneal fascial planes extending to the umbilicus. The psoas sign is a direct result of mechanical stretch on an inflamed retroperitoneal muscle. Rovsing sign relies on the continuity of the colonic lumen transmitting pressure to an inflamed structure.
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Anahtar Kavram
Eponymous physical examination signs in the acute abdomen are driven by distinct neuroanatomical and pathophysiological mechanisms, such as referred pain pathways, fascial plane anatomy, and localized peritoneal irritation.
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