Question

Difficulty: MediumCommas with Nonessential and Parenthetical Elements

For decades, art historians debated the authenticity of the Renaissance portrait. The local historian who discovered the forgotten letters, an expert on the artist’s early life recently published a groundbreaking study that resolved the mystery. This publication has sparked renewed interest in the painter's early works.

Which of the following choices best punctuates the underlined portion of the sentence?

  1. A
    NO CHANGE
  2. B
    , who discovered the forgotten letters, an expert on the artist’s early life, recently published
  3. who discovered the forgotten letters, an expert on the artist’s early life, recently publishedAnswer
  4. D
    who discovered the forgotten letters; an expert on the artist’s early life, recently published

Answer

The correct option is the one that leaves the restrictive clause unpunctuated while properly enclosing the nonessential appositive phrase in commas.
The correct choice leaves 'who discovered the forgotten letters' without a preceding comma because it is a restrictive relative clause that identifies the specific historian. It also correctly places a pair of commas around 'an expert on the artist’s early life' because it is a nonessential appositive phrase providing extra detail.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine if the clause 'who discovered the forgotten letters' is essential (restrictive) or nonessential (nonrestrictive) to the meaning of the sentence.
The clause is restrictive because it identifies which specific local historian is being discussed. Therefore, no comma should precede 'who'.
Restrictive elements define the preceding noun and are not set off by commas.
2
Determine if the appositive phrase 'an expert on the artist's early life' is essential or nonessential.
The phrase is nonessential because it provides supplementary information about the historian, who is already identified. It must be enclosed in commas.
Nonessential appositives must be set off by a pair of commas to show they are parenthetical.

Key Concept

Distinguishing between restrictive and nonessential modifiers to apply punctuation correctly.
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