Question

Based on the passage below, match each claim made by choice architects or their critics with the specific piece of evidence used to support or evaluate it in the text.

Passage
In behavioral economics, researchers frequently study how the presentation of choices—known as choice architecture—influences human decision-making. A prominent assertion in this field is that individuals are significantly nudged toward healthier behaviors when more nutritious food options are placed at eye level in cafeterias. To investigate this, a study conducted in a university dining hall tracked food selection over a six-month period. When fresh fruit was moved from a lower shelf to a central display at eye level, purchases of fruit increased by $35\%$, while sales of high-calorie desserts fell. Additionally, choice architects argue that introducing default options, such as automatically enrolling employees in retirement savings plans, dramatically increases participation rates. This claim is substantiated by data from a major manufacturing firm, which showed that implementing an automatic enrollment policy raised employee retirement plan participation from $48\%$ to $86\%$ in the first year. Critics, however, contend that these interventions restrict personal autonomy, pointing to survey responses where a minority of participants expressed irritation at feeling manipulated.