The following passage is about the historic discovery of a rare fish species.
Discovery of the Living Fossil
On December 22, 1938, Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer, the young curator of the East London Museum in South Africa, walked down to the harbor docks. She had received a call from Captain Hendrik Goosen of the trawler *Nerine*, who had returned from a fishing trip near the mouth of the Chalumna River and wanted to know if she wished to examine the catch for any specimens of interest. Amidst a pile of sharks and common marine life, Courtenay-Latimer noticed a peculiar protrusion: a five-foot-long, heavy-scaled fish of an intense iridescent blue, with limb-like lobed fins and a strange, puppy-like second tail. Intrigued, she carted the heavy creature back to her museum in a taxi.
Recognizing that the specimen was unlike anything described in South African reference books, Courtenay-Latimer immediately attempted to find a way to preserve it. She contacted the local municipal offices in hopes of using their cold storage facilities, but her request was rejected by officials who deemed the rotting carcass a health hazard. Desperate, she wrote a letter containing a brief description and a hand-drawn sketch of the fish to James Leonard Brierley Smith, a chemistry lecturer at Rhodes University in Grahamstown who was also a passionate self-taught ichthyologist.
Because the South African summer heat was intense and the museum lacked formal preservation equipment, Courtenay-Latimer realized she could not wait indefinitely for a response. By the third day, the fish had begun to decompose rapidly. She made the difficult decision to take the specimen to a local taxidermist, Robert Center, instructing him to skin the fish and mount it. Unfortunately, because the mounting process required removing the soft tissues, Center discarded the internal organs and skeleton, preserving only the skin and a few skeletal elements in the head.
Meanwhile, J.L.B. Smith was away on vacation and did not receive Courtenay-Latimer's letter until January 3, 1939. Upon opening the envelope and viewing the sketch, Smith was struck by a shock of recognition. The drawing bore an uncanny resemblance to fossilized coelacanths, a prehistoric lineage of lobe-finned fish thought to have gone extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period, roughly 66 million years ago. Smith sent an urgent telegram advising Courtenay-Latimer to preserve the remains at all costs, but the message arrived long after the internal structures had already been discarded.
Smith finally arrived at the East London Museum on February 16, 1939. The moment he laid eyes on the mounted specimen, his suspicions were confirmed. Despite the tragic loss of the internal organs, the external features—most notably the heavy cosmoid scales and the jointed, limb-like fins—clearly identified it as a living coelacanth. He named the species *Latimeria chalumnae* in honor of the curator and the river near which it was caught. The discovery sent shockwaves through the global scientific community, challenging long-held assumptions about the fossil record and the evolution of tetrapods.
Realizing that a single taxidermied specimen was insufficient to fully study the fish's biology, Smith embarked on a quest to locate another living coelacanth. He printed thousands of bilingual leaflets offering a reward and distributed them along the southeastern coast of Africa. The search took fourteen years of patient waiting and false alarms. Finally, in December 1952, a second coelacanth was caught by fishers in the Comoros Islands, hundreds of miles north of the original site. This specimen was successfully preserved intact, allowing Smith and other scientists to study the internal anatomy of this living fossil for the first time.
Based on the passage, in what chronological order did the events below occur, from earliest to latest?
- 1Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer examines Captain Goosen's catch at the harbor docks.
- 2Taxidermist Robert Center skins and mounts the fish, discarding its internal organs.
- 3J.L.B. Smith opens Courtenay-Latimer's letter containing the sketch of the fish.
- 4J.L.B. Smith inspects the mounted fish at the East London Museum.
- 5A second coelacanth specimen is captured in the Comoros Islands.