Question

Difficulty: HardSelecting Concluding Sentences and Transitions

In the mid-twentieth century, scholars of Maya hieroglyphic writing widely believed that the inscriptions on stone monuments, or stelae, were purely astronomical calendars and mystical calculations. The prevailing view, championed by leading Mayanist J. Eric S. Thompson, held that the Maya were a peaceful, time-obsessed people whose writing did not record historical events or individuals. However, Tatiana Proskouriakoff, an architect and archaeologist, challenged this consensus through meticulous spatial and temporal analysis of the stelae at Piedras Negras. By plotting the dates inscribed on consecutive monuments, she discovered that the timespans between key dates corresponded perfectly to the natural length of a human life. Proskouriakoff proposed that these monuments actually commemorated the lifespans, accessions, and military victories of historical rulers.

The writer wants to conclude the passage with a sentence that reinforces the significance of Proskouriakoff's discovery and ties back to the paragraph's discussion of Maya writing. Which of the following sentences best accomplishes this goal?

  1. Her groundbreaking insight shifted the paradigm of Maya studies, revealing that the complex glyphs recorded a rich history of human dynasties rather than mere calendar calculations.Answer
  2. B
    Her research proved that the monuments recorded actual history, this discovery forever changed how historians read the Maya script.
  3. C
    By demonstrating that these carvings commemorated real leaders, she opens the door to a new understanding of the classic Maya period and revolutionized modern archaeology.
  4. D
    Although J. Eric S. Thompson initially rejected her ideas, he eventually wrote a preface for her next book, and she went on to receive many prestigious archaeological medals later in life.

Answer

The sentence noting that her groundbreaking insight shifted the paradigm of Maya studies by showing that the complex glyphs recorded a history of human dynasties rather than mere calendar calculations.
The correct option effectively reinforces the significance of Proskouriakoff's discovery by contrasting the original view (calendar calculations) with the new historical understanding (human dynasties). It is grammatically correct and matches the academic tone of the passage.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the passage to identify the main thesis and context.
The passage details a historical shift in Mayanist scholarship, moving from the belief that glyphs were strictly astronomical to realizing they documented real history and human rulers, initiated by Tatiana Proskouriakoff.
Identifying the central theme is necessary to select a concluding sentence that logically wraps up the paragraph.
2
Evaluate the choices for grammatical correctness.
The option with 'actual history, this discovery' is a comma splice, and the option with 'opens... and revolutionized' contains an inconsistent tense shift.
An ACT concluding sentence must be grammatically correct before evaluating its rhetorical suitability.
3
Select the option that best fulfills the rhetorical goal.
The option addressing Thompson's preface and medals introduces new, unrelated details. The option addressing the paradigm shift to recording human dynasties directly links back to the starting conflict (calendars vs. history) and reinforces the significance of the work.
A strong concluding sentence must summarize the passage's main points without introducing unsupported details.

Key Concept

Selecting Concluding Sentences and Transitions
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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