Question

Difficulty: MediumOpening and Concluding Sentences

Signals Across the Hills

[1]
In the late eighteenth century, communication over long distances was limited by the speed of a galloping horse. During the French Revolution, however, Claude Chappe and his brothers developed the semaphore telegraph, a revolutionary system of visual signaling. The system consisted of a series of towers built on high hills, each equipped with a large wooden apparatus containing two movable arms. Operators adjusted these arms using ropes and pulleys to represent different letters and symbols. These configurations could be seen from the next tower through a telescope, allowing messages to be passed rapidly from one station to the next.

[2]
The impact of this invention was immediate and profound. A message could travel from Paris to Lille—a distance of over one hundred and forty miles—in just ten minutes, a feat that previously took an entire day. By the early nineteenth century, France was crisscrossed by hundreds of semaphore towers, which provided the government with a crucial administrative and military tool. Yet, the system had significant limitations. It was useless at night or in heavy fog, and it required a massive, expensive workforce of operators who had to remain constantly vigilant.

[3]
Despite these drawbacks, the Chappe semaphore telegraph remained the gold standard of long-distance communication for decades. It was only rendered obsolete in the mid-nineteenth century with the advent of the electrical telegraph, which could transmit information instantly regardless of weather or time of day. _______________________

The writer wants to add a concluding sentence at the end of the passage (following the blank in Paragraph 3) that reinforces the historical significance of the semaphore telegraph as a precursor to modern telecommunications. Which of the following sentences best achieves this goal?

  1. A
    Because the electrical telegraph was much more efficient; and it replaced Chappe's system completely within a few years.
  2. B
    Having established the first national network, the electrical telegraph eventually replaced Chappe's towers.
  3. Although Chappe's wooden towers are now quiet relics of the past, they laid the conceptual foundation for the rapid, interconnected networks we rely on today.Answer
  4. D
    Chappe's invention proved that speed was essential, but future innovators will ignore his design when they created the telephone.

Answer

The sentence that describes Chappe's wooden towers as laying the conceptual foundation for modern interconnected networks.
The sentence mentioning that Chappe's wooden towers laid the conceptual foundation for today's interconnected networks is correct because it is grammatically sound and directly fulfills the writing goal of establishing the semaphore telegraph as a precursor to modern telecommunications.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the prompt's rhetorical goal.
The final sentence must show the historical significance of the semaphore telegraph as a precursor to modern telecommunications.
This establishes the criteria for evaluating the relevance and impact of each choice.
2
Examine the grammatical correctness of the choices.
Identify a semicolon fragment, a dangling modifier, and an illogical tense shift among the distractors.
ACT English questions require the correct answer to be both rhetorically effective and grammatically correct.
3
Select the option that is both grammatically correct and meets the rhetorical goal.
The sentence linking the wooden towers to the conceptual foundation of today's interconnected networks is correct and relevant.
It transitions logically from the passage's discussion of early technology to its long-term legacy without grammatical errors.

Key Concept

Selecting Concluding Sentences and Transitions
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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