Question

Difficulty: Very hardSentence Addition and Deletion Decisions

A student is writing an essay about nineteenth-century astronomy.

[1] In 1845, Irish astronomer William Parsons completed construction on the Leviathan of Parsonstown, a reflecting telescope with a six-foot aperture that was the largest in the world at the time. [2] With this massive instrument, Parsons observed and sketched the spiral structure of the Whirlpool Galaxy, a nebula then known as M51. [3] Prior to this discovery, astronomers debated whether nebulae were merely nearby clouds of gas or distant, independent 'island universes' consisting of stars. [4] The detailed drawings produced by Parsons provided crucial visual evidence that suggested a distinct, organized structure. [5] However, because the Leviathan's metal mirror was highly susceptible to tarnishing in the damp Irish climate, Parsons could only use the telescope on a few clear nights each year. [6] It took several decades of further observation with improved instruments to conclusively resolve the debate in favor of the island universe theory.

The writer is considering deleting Sentence 5 from the paragraph. Should the sentence be kept or deleted?

  1. Kept, because it explains the operational limitations that prevented Parsons's observations from immediately resolving the astronomical debate.Answer
  2. B
    Kept, because it details the structural components and metallurgical innovations required to build the world's largest telescope.
  3. C
    Deleted, because it interrupts the paragraph's focus on astronomical debates by introducing irrelevant details about the Irish climate.
  4. D
    Deleted, because it contradicts the earlier claim that the Leviathan of Parsonstown was the most advanced and successful instrument of its era.

Answer

Kept, because it explains the operational limitations that prevented Parsons's observations from immediately resolving the astronomical debate.
The sentence should be kept because it provides the necessary context explaining why Parsons's observations did not immediately resolve the debate. Without it, the transition to the final sentence, which notes that it took several decades of further observation to resolve the debate, lacks logical explanation.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the function of the proposed sentence in the context of the entire paragraph.
Sentence 5 explains that the telescope could only be used on a few clear nights due to mirror tarnishing in the damp Irish climate.
Understanding the content of the sentence is the first step to determining its rhetorical purpose.
2
Examine the relationship between Sentence 5 and the surrounding sentences.
Sentence 4 notes that Parsons's drawings suggested a distinct structure, while Sentence 6 states that it took decades of further observations to resolve the debate. Sentence 5 bridges these ideas by explaining why Parsons could not resolve the debate immediately himself.
Determining logical cohesion is necessary to evaluate if a sentence should be kept or deleted.
3
Evaluate the proposed options to select the one that accurately describes this relationship.
Keeping the sentence is correct because it explains the operational limitations that delayed resolution of the debate.
This justifies keeping the sentence to maintain the paragraph's logical unity.

Key Concept

Evaluating whether to keep or delete a sentence based on how it supports the main idea and maintains logical transitions.
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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