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Question

Difficulty: EasyIdentifying Points of Disagreement

Two students discuss the cause of the Earth's changing seasons.

Student 1
The Earth's distance from the Sun changes throughout the year because of its elliptical orbit. The Earth is closest to the Sun in summer, causing warmer temperatures, and farthest from the Sun in winter, causing colder temperatures. The tilt of the Earth's axis has no effect on these temperature changes.

Student 2
The Earth's distance from the Sun is nearly constant and has a negligible effect on seasons. Instead, the Earth's axial tilt of 23.5∘23.5^\circ is the sole cause of seasons. When a hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, it receives more direct sunlight and experiences summer. When it is tilted away from the Sun, it receives less direct sunlight and experiences winter.

Match each statement regarding the seasons with the student(s) who would agree with it.

  • The tilt of the Earth's axis causes seasons.Student 2's viewpoint only
  • The distance between Earth and the Sun causes seasons.Student 1's viewpoint only
  • The Earth experiences seasons throughout the year.Both Student 1 and Student 2's viewpoints

Answer

Matching 'The tilt of the Earth's axis causes seasons.' with 'Student 2's viewpoint only', 'The distance between Earth and the Sun causes seasons.' with 'Student 1's viewpoint only', and 'The Earth experiences seasons throughout the year.' with 'Both Student 1 and Student 2's viewpoints'.
The correct matches align each statement with the student who supports it. Student 2 believes that axial tilt causes seasons, Student 1 believes that the distance between the Earth and the Sun causes seasons, and both students agree that the Earth experiences seasons.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Student 1's statements to determine their stance on the causes of seasons.
Student 1 asserts that distance from the Sun causes the seasons (summer when close, winter when far) and that axial tilt has no effect.
This establishes that Student 1 supports the distance-based theory and rejects the tilt-based theory.
2
Analyze Student 2's statements to determine their stance on the causes of seasons.
Student 2 asserts that axial tilt is the sole cause of seasons and that distance from the Sun has a negligible effect.
This establishes that Student 2 supports the tilt-based theory and rejects the distance-based theory.
3
Identify points of agreement and disagreement to complete the matching.
Both students agree that seasons (summer and winter) occur. They disagree on the cause: Student 1 credits distance from the Sun, while Student 2 credits the axial tilt.
This allows for a correct 1-to-1 match of all statements.

Key Concept

Identifying points of agreement and disagreement between two conflicting scientific viewpoints.
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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Topics

Identifying Points of Disagreement

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