Question

Difficulty: HardInverse Trigonometric Functions

If α=arccos⁡(−513)\alpha = \arccos\left(-\frac{5}{13}\right), what is the exact value of tan⁡(α−π4)\tan\left(\alpha - \frac{\pi}{4}\right)?

  1. 177\frac{17}{7}Answer
  2. B
    717\frac{7}{17}
  3. C
    −177-\frac{17}{7}
  4. D
    −717-\frac{7}{17}
  5. E
    −175-\frac{17}{5}

Answer

The exact value of tan⁡(α−π4)\tan\left(\alpha - \frac{\pi}{4}\right) is 177\frac{17}{7}.
Evaluating α=arccos⁡(−513)\alpha = \arccos\left(-\frac{5}{13}\right) places α\alpha in Quadrant II (π2<α<π\frac{\pi}{2} < \alpha < \pi). In this quadrant, cosine is negative (−513-\frac{5}{13}) and sine is positive (1213\frac{12}{13}), giving tan⁡α=−125\tan\alpha = -\frac{12}{5}. Substituting tan⁡α=−125\tan\alpha = -\frac{12}{5} and tan⁡(π4)=1\tan\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right) = 1 into the identity tan⁡(A−B)=tan⁡A−tan⁡B1+tan⁡Atan⁡B\tan(A-B) = \frac{\tan A - \tan B}{1 + \tan A \tan B} yields −125−11−125=−175−75=177\frac{-\frac{12}{5} - 1}{1 - \frac{12}{5}} = \frac{-\frac{17}{5}}{-\frac{7}{5}} = \frac{17}{7}.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the quadrant and reference values for α=arccos⁡(−513)\alpha = \arccos\left(-\frac{5}{13}\right)
Since the principal range of arccos⁡(x)\arccos(x) is [0,π][0, \pi] and −513<0-\frac{5}{13} < 0, α\alpha lies in Quadrant II where cos⁡α=−513\cos\alpha = -\frac{5}{13} and sin⁡α>0\sin\alpha > 0.
Inverse cosine returns angles in Quadrant II for negative arguments.
2
Calculate sin⁡α\sin\alpha and tan⁡α\tan\alpha
sin⁡α=1−(−513)2=144169=1213\sin\alpha = \sqrt{1 - \left(-\frac{5}{13}\right)^2} = \sqrt{\frac{144}{169}} = \frac{12}{13}, so tan⁡α=sin⁡αcos⁡α=12/13−5/13=−125\tan\alpha = \frac{\sin\alpha}{\cos\alpha} = \frac{12/13}{-5/13} = -\frac{12}{5}.
Using the Pythagorean identity and definition of tangent.
3
Apply the tangent angle subtraction identity
tan⁡(α−π4)=tan⁡α−tan⁡(π4)1+tan⁡αtan⁡(π4)=−125−11+(−125)(1)=−175−75=177\tan\left(\alpha - \frac{\pi}{4}\right) = \frac{\tan\alpha - \tan\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right)}{1 + \tan\alpha \tan\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right)} = \frac{-\frac{12}{5} - 1}{1 + \left(-\frac{12}{5}\right)(1)} = \frac{-\frac{17}{5}}{-\frac{7}{5}} = \frac{17}{7}.
Evaluating tan⁡(π4)=1\tan\left(\frac{\pi}{4}\right) = 1 and simplifying the complex fraction.

Key Concept

Inverse Trigonometric Functions and Compound Angle Identities
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Rate this question