Question

Difficulty: HardInverse Trigonometric Functions

What is the exact value of cos(2arctan(3))\cos\left(2\arctan(-3)\right) expressed as a decimal?

Answer: -0.8

Answer

The exact decimal value of cos(2arctan(3))\cos\left(2\arctan(-3)\right) is 0.8-0.8.
Letting θ=arctan(3)\theta = \arctan(-3) gives tan(θ)=3\tan(\theta) = -3. Utilizing the double-angle formula cos(2θ)=1tan2(θ)1+tan2(θ)\cos(2\theta) = \frac{1 - \tan^2(\theta)}{1 + \tan^2(\theta)}, we substitute tan(θ)=3\tan(\theta) = -3 to obtain 191+9=810=0.8\frac{1 - 9}{1 + 9} = \frac{-8}{10} = -0.8.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Define an angle variable for the inverse trigonometric expression.
Let θ=arctan(3)\theta = \arctan(-3), which means tan(θ)=3\tan(\theta) = -3 in Quadrant IV where π2<θ<0-\frac{\pi}{2} < \theta < 0.
Applying the standard definition and principal range of the arctangent function.
2
Apply the double-angle identity for cosine expressed in terms of tangent.
cos(2θ)=1tan2(θ)1+tan2(θ)\cos(2\theta) = \frac{1 - \tan^2(\theta)}{1 + \tan^2(\theta)}
This identity directly connects cos(2θ)\cos(2\theta) to the known value of tan(θ)\tan(\theta) without needing radicals.
3
Substitute tan(θ)=3\tan(\theta) = -3 into the identity and evaluate.
cos(2θ)=191+9=810=0.8\cos(2\theta) = \frac{1 - 9}{1 + 9} = \frac{-8}{10} = -0.8
Simplifying the numerical expression produces the exact decimal value.

Key Concept

Inverse Trigonometric Functions and Double-Angle Identities
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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