Question

Difficulty: EasyRelationships Between Sections and Paragraphs

Paragraph 1
By the mid-twentieth century, the absence of gray wolves in Yellowstone National Park had severely disrupted the local ecosystem. Without their natural predator, the elk population surged, leading to overgrazing along valley bottoms. This loss of vegetation, particularly young willow and aspen trees, left riverbanks barren and vulnerable to erosion, which in turn degraded the habitat for fish and beaver populations.

Paragraph 2
The reintroduction of wolves to the park in 1995 initiated a dramatic ecological recovery. As wolves preyed on the elk, they reduced their numbers and altered their grazing patterns, forcing them to avoid open valleys where they were easily hunted. Consequently, willow and aspen trees began to regenerate, stabilizing the riverbanks, slowing water flow, and allowing beavers to return and build dams, restoring the wetland environment.

Based on the passage, which of the following best describes the relationship between Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 1?

  1. Paragraph 2 describes a successful intervention that reversed the ecological decline introduced in Paragraph 1.Answer
  2. B
    Paragraph 2 presents a conflicting scientific theory that disproves the claims made in Paragraph 1.
  3. C
    Paragraph 2 details the historical events that directly caused the ecological damage described in Paragraph 1.
  4. D
    Paragraph 2 focuses on a minor, unrelated environmental issue that occurred during the same timeframe as Paragraph 1.

Answer

Paragraph 2 describes a successful intervention that reversed the ecological decline introduced in Paragraph 1.
The correct answer is correct because Paragraph 1 establishes a problem—the ecological decline of Yellowstone due to the absence of wolves—and Paragraph 2 explains how the reintroduction of wolves resolved that problem and led to ecological recovery.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the main idea and focus of Paragraph 1.
Paragraph 1 describes the negative ecological consequences (elk overpopulation, loss of vegetation, riverbank erosion) that followed the removal of gray wolves in Yellowstone.
Understanding the starting condition of the ecosystem is necessary to determine how the next paragraph relates to it.
2
Analyze the main idea and focus of Paragraph 2.
Paragraph 2 describes the positive changes (vegetation regrowth, riverbank stabilization, return of beavers) that occurred after wolves were reintroduced in 1995.
This establishes what happens chronologically and ecologically after the events of Paragraph 1.
3
Evaluate the relationship between the two paragraphs.
The second paragraph describes a successful solution (reintroduction of wolves) that directly addresses and reverses the problems (ecological disruption due to lack of wolves) introduced in the first paragraph.
Comparing the two summaries yields the logical transition from a description of a problem to a description of its resolution.

Key Concept

Identifying how one paragraph functions in relation to another in a passage.
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