Question

Difficulty: HardTranslating Literal Statements to Paraphrases

For decades after Arthur Evans uncovered the clay tablets of Knossos, scholars assumed that Linear B recorded a non-Indo-European tongue spoken by a pre-Greek civilization. This prevailing consensus stalled decipherment efforts, as researchers futilely sought linguistic parallels in Etruscan or Basque. In 1952, however, Michael Ventris approached the script not as an exotic isolated language, but under the working hypothesis that the signs represented an archaic dialect of Greek itself. By matching the repetitive inflectional suffixes of the Knossos tablets to geographic place names known from classical antiquity, Ventris demonstrated that the tablets were indeed early Greek administrative records. This breakthrough proved that the Mycenaeans had established dominance over Crete far earlier than previously assumed, rewriting the history of the Bronze Age Aegean.

According to the passage, the assertion that researchers "futilely sought linguistic parallels in Etruscan or Basque" indicates that scholars:

  1. unproductively searched for grammatical similarities between Linear B and languages that did not offer a valid matchAnswer
  2. B
    successfully proved that Linear B shared key structural features with both Etruscan and Basque
  3. C
    mistakenly assumed that Etruscan and Basque were the direct ancestors of classical Greek
  4. D
    chose to pause their work on Linear B to translate unrelated Etruscan and Basque records

Answer

unproductively searched for grammatical similarities between Linear B and languages that did not offer a valid match
The correct option is the only choice that accurately translates the passage's literal meaning. The word 'futilely' means uselessly or unproductively, and 'seeking linguistic parallels' means searching for grammatical or structural similarities. Since this search yielded no useful results, it represents an unproductive search in languages that did not provide a valid match.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Locate the targeted statement in the passage.
The statement is: 'researchers futilely sought linguistic parallels in Etruscan or Basque.'
This establishes the precise literal context that must be translated into a paraphrase.
2
Analyze the key components of the statement.
'Futilely' means pointlessly, uselessly, or unproductively. 'Sought linguistic parallels' means looked for structural or grammatical similarities. 'In Etruscan or Basque' refers to comparing the target script (Linear B) to those specific comparison languages.
Deconstructing the sentence allows for a component-by-component comparison with the answer choices.
3
Evaluate the choices to find the one that preserves the original meaning without introducing distortions.
The option stating that researchers 'unproductively searched for grammatical similarities between Linear B and languages that did not offer a valid match' perfectly captures the meaning of 'futilely' (unproductively) and 'sought linguistic parallels' (searched for similarities) without introducing errors.
This confirms the correct option based on literal alignment.

Key Concept

Translating Literal Statements to Paraphrases
Estimated Time:2m 0s
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