Question

Difficulty: EasyEstablishing Introductions and Thesis Statements

Consider the following passage:

Umbrellas have a long history, dating back to ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, where they were used primarily to shade royalty from the sun. In these early societies, umbrellas were symbols of power and status, made from palm leaves, feathers, or stretched papyrus. However, it was not until much later in ancient China that umbrellas were first waterproofed with wax and lacquer to provide protection against the rain.

[1] _________________________________________. For centuries, European men viewed them as a feminine accessory, associated almost exclusively with women of high social standing. It was not until the mid-eighteenth century, when an English traveler named Jonas Hanway began carrying an umbrella in public, that the device gained acceptance among men. Despite initial ridicule from carriage drivers who feared losing business, Hanway’s persistence eventually paid off, transforming the umbrella into a common and practical accessory for everyone.

Which of the following choices best introduces the main topic of the second paragraph?

  1. Although umbrellas were widely used in Asia, they did not immediately gain popularity in Europe.Answer
  2. B
    Although umbrellas were widely used in Asia; they did not immediately gain popularity in Europe.
  3. C
    Europeans did not immediately adopt umbrellas, they were initially seen as a foreign novelty.
  4. D
    Despite their utility, the early history of umbrellas in Europe are marked by resistance and skepticism.

Answer

Although umbrellas were widely used in Asia, they did not immediately gain popularity in Europe.
The correct option is grammatically correct and successfully introduces the focus of the second paragraph by transitioning from the history of umbrellas in Asia to their slow, gendered adoption in Europe.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the second paragraph to determine its primary topic and focus.
The paragraph discusses the history of umbrellas in Europe, specifically focusing on their initial association with women, the resistance to them, and how they eventually gained acceptance among men.
Understanding the content of the paragraph is necessary to identify which sentence best introduces and establishes this topic.
2
Evaluate the grammar of each option to eliminate choices with errors.
One option correctly uses a comma to join the clauses. The other options contain a semicolon fragment, a comma splice, or a subject-verb agreement error.
ACT English questions require the correct answer to be grammatically correct.
3
Select the grammatically correct option that best fits the paragraph's theme.
The grammatically correct option introducing European reception of umbrellas is chosen.
This establishes a clear transition and sets up the discussion of European acceptance.

Key Concept

Establishing Introductions and Thesis Statements
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