Question

Difficulty: MediumSelecting Concluding Sentences and Transitions

In the early twentieth century, leprosy was considered a terminal and highly debilitating disease, with patients often exiled to isolated colonies. At the College of Hawaii, young chemist Alice Ball undertook the challenge of finding an effective treatment. She focused on chaulmoogra oil, a natural substance that had shown therapeutic promise but was extremely difficult for the body to absorb. Ball successfully developed a chemical method to isolate the active ethyl esters from the oil, creating the first water-soluble, injectable treatment for the disease. [1]

The writer wants to add a concluding sentence at point [1] that wraps up the discussion of Ball's scientific achievement and highlights its immediate impact on patients. Which of the following sentences best accomplishes this goal?

  1. A
    Furthermore, chaulmoogra oil was harvested from the seeds of the Hydnocarpus wightianus tree, which is native to India.
  2. B
    Her method became the standard of care for decades, it was eventually replaced by synthetic antibiotics in the 1940s.
  3. This breakthrough allowed hundreds of patients to be discharged from hospitals and return to their families.Answer
  4. D
    Ultimately, patients, who received the injection, showed immediate signs of recovery.

Answer

The correct answer states that this breakthrough allowed hundreds of patients to be discharged from hospitals and return to their families.
The correct option successfully closes the narrative by linking the developed chemical method to a direct, positive outcome for the patients (discharge from hospitals), matching the prompt's request to highlight immediate patient impact.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the prompt requirements
The target sentence must wrap up the scientific achievement (the chemical method/injection) and highlight the immediate impact on patients.
This establishes the criteria for evaluating the choices based on both thematic transition and relevance.
2
Evaluate options for content relevance
The option explaining that the breakthrough allowed patients to be discharged and return home directly addresses both the scientific achievement and the human impact, while the option about the Indian tree introduces irrelevant botanical details.
Concluding sentences must tie back to the main thesis of the paragraph without introducing unsupported, tangential details.
3
Verify options for grammatical correctness
The option using a comma splice to connect two independent clauses is grammatically incorrect. Similarly, the option setting off the essential clause with commas violates punctuation rules. The correct option is grammatically sound and rhetorically appropriate.
Standard ACT questions blend style and grammar; concluding sentences must also be grammatically correct.

Key Concept

Selecting Concluding Sentences and Transitions
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