Question

Difficulty: EasyTranslating Literal Statements to Paraphrases

Read the passage below and answer the question that follows.

In 1756, the British engineer John Smeaton was commissioned to rebuild the Eddystone Lighthouse, which had been destroyed by fire. To ensure the new masonry tower could withstand the relentless battering of the sea, Smeaton sought a mortar that would cure under water. Through systematic experimentation, he discovered that lime burned from limestone containing a high proportion of clay set successfully even when submerged. This pioneering work led to the rediscovery of hydraulic lime, a material that had been lost since Roman times. Smeaton's innovative cement formulation not only secured the lighthouse's structural integrity for over a century but also laid the groundwork for modern Portland cement.

According to the passage, Smeaton's experiments revealed that mortar could harden underwater if it was made using which of the following?

  1. limestone that possessed a significant amount of clay.Answer
  2. B
    a cement mixture originally created by Roman builders.
  3. C
    clay that was heated independently before being combined with lime.
  4. D
    mortar that had been dried thoroughly before being exposed to seawater.

Answer

limestone that possessed a significant amount of clay.
The correct option accurately paraphrases the passage's statement that Smeaton used 'limestone containing a high proportion of clay' to produce lime that would set underwater.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Locate the detail in the passage describing Smeaton's discovery.
The text states: 'he discovered that lime burned from limestone containing a high proportion of clay set successfully even when submerged.'
This identifies the specific chemical/material requirement for the mortar to harden under water.
2
Translate the phrase 'limestone containing a high proportion of clay' into a literal paraphrase.
The phrase is equivalent to 'limestone that possessed a significant amount of clay.'
Paraphrasing literal statements requires finding synonyms that maintain the exact meaning without introducing errors.

Key Concept

Translating Literal Statements to Paraphrases
Estimated Time:50s
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