Question

Difficulty: MediumComprehending Explicit Comparisons and Contrasts

Passage:
In the late nineteenth century, the nascent recording industry was defined by a rivalry between Thomas Edison's phonograph and Emil Berliner's gramophone. While Edison's phonograph utilized hollow wax cylinders to record and play back sound, Berliner's gramophone employed flat zinc discs. The phonograph recorded sound vertically, cutting grooves of varying depth into the cylinder—a method known as "hill-and-dale" recording. In contrast, the gramophone utilized lateral recording, tracing grooves of constant depth that wiggled from side to side. Edison's cylinders maintained a constant linear speed past the stylus, which preserved audio quality from start to finish. Conversely, Berliner's discs suffered from inner-groove distortion as the stylus moved toward the center, though the discs were far easier to mass-produce than Edison's fragile cylinders.

According to the passage, what was one key difference in how Edison's phonograph and Berliner's gramophone recorded sound?

  1. The phonograph engraved grooves of varying depth vertically, while the gramophone engraved grooves of constant depth laterally.Answer
  2. B
    The phonograph utilized flat zinc discs, while the gramophone relied on hollow wax cylinders.
  3. C
    The phonograph suffered from inner-groove distortion near the center, while the gramophone preserved consistent audio quality from start to finish.
  4. D
    The phonograph was designed for easy mass-production, while the gramophone produced fragile mediums that were difficult to copy.

Answer

The phonograph engraved grooves of varying depth vertically, while the gramophone engraved grooves of constant depth laterally.
The passage explicitly contrasts the mechanical recording methods of the two devices, stating that the phonograph cut grooves of varying depth vertically (hill-and-dale), while the gramophone utilized lateral recording to trace grooves of constant depth. This matches the choice stating that the phonograph engraved grooves of varying depth vertically, while the gramophone engraved grooves of constant depth laterally.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Locate where the passage discusses the recording methods of both devices.
The text states that the phonograph cut grooves of varying depth vertically into the cylinder, whereas the gramophone traced grooves of constant depth laterally.
Identifying the specific sentence comparing the physical mechanisms of recording is necessary to find the correct contrast.
2
Evaluate the choices to find the one that accurately matches this comparison.
The correct option correctly states that the phonograph engraved grooves of varying depth vertically, while the gramophone engraved grooves of constant depth laterally.
Matching the literal details in the text with the options ensures an accurate comprehension of the explicit contrast.

Key Concept

Comprehending Explicit Comparisons and Contrasts
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