Question

Difficulty: HardEstablishing Introductions and Thesis Statements

The following is an excerpt from an essay about an ancient artifact.

In 1900, sponge divers seeking shelter from a storm off the Greek island of Antikythera stumbled upon a Roman-era shipwreck. Among the statues and coins recovered was a corroded, lumpish fragment of bronze. For decades, it sat largely ignored in a museum. However, subsequent X-ray imaging in the late twentieth century revealed a complex system of interlocking gears. This device, dating back to the second century BCE, is now recognized as the world's oldest known analog computer, capable of predicting astronomical positions and eclipses with baffling accuracy.

[1] __________________________________________________ The device's sophisticated design, which predates similar European mechanical clocks by over a millennium, suggests that ancient Greek technology was far more advanced than historians had previously assumed. By tracking the cycles of the Sun and Moon, the mechanism not only served practical calendrical purposes but also reflected a deep philosophical commitment to mapping the cosmos.

Which choice, if added at placeholder [1], most effectively introduces the second paragraph while aligning with the passage's focus on the device's historical and technological significance?

  1. A
    Because the gears were so corroded that they were nearly impossible to analyze without advanced imaging techniques.
  2. This unexpected technological complexity has fundamentally altered our understanding of ancient engineering.Answer
  3. C
    Scholars initially doubted the authenticity of the find; which led to decades of neglect in museum archives.
  4. D
    The complexity of the interlocking gears, along with the device's astronomical functions, show that ancient civilizations possessed remarkable engineering skills.

Answer

This unexpected technological complexity has fundamentally altered our understanding of ancient engineering.
The correct choice is the sentence stating 'This unexpected technological complexity has fundamentally altered our understanding of ancient engineering.' This sentence is grammatically correct and introduces the paragraph's focus on the advanced nature of ancient Greek technology and its broader historical significance, transitioning smoothly from the first paragraph's description of the gears.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the role of placeholder [1] in the passage.
The placeholder is at the beginning of the second paragraph, meaning the correct sentence must serve as a topic sentence that introduces the paragraph's discussion of the device's sophisticated design and its implications for our understanding of ancient Greek history.
An effective introduction must establish the paragraph's main idea and transition smoothly from the previous paragraph's discussion of the discovery.
2
Evaluate the grammar of the choices to eliminate structurally unsound sentences.
The option beginning with 'Because' is a fragment. The option using a semicolon before 'which' is a punctuation fragment error. The option stating 'The complexity... show' has a subject-verb agreement error ('complexity' is singular, so it needs 'shows').
All correct answers on the ACT must be grammatically correct.
3
Verify that the remaining option meets the rhetorical goal of the prompt.
The sentence focusing on how the unexpected technological complexity altered our understanding of ancient engineering is grammatically correct and directly connects the discovery of the gears to the historical significance detailed in the rest of the paragraph.
This choice successfully introduces the topic of the paragraph and aligns with the essay's focus on the device's historical impact.

Key Concept

Establishing Introductions and Thesis Statements
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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