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Difficulty: EasyDesigning Follow-Up Experiments and Test Modifications

A student wants to modify an experiment measuring sugar solubility in water to determine the effect of higher temperatures (40∘C40^\circ\text{C}, 60∘C60^\circ\text{C}, and 80∘C80^\circ\text{C}) on the mass of dissolved sugar. Arrange the steps of this modified procedure in the correct chronological order from start to finish.

  1. 1Heat a 100 mL100\text{ mL} sample of water to one of the target temperatures (40∘C40^\circ\text{C}, 60∘C60^\circ\text{C}, or 80∘C80^\circ\text{C}) and maintain this temperature.
  2. 2Add sugar to the heated water in small, measured increments while stirring until the sugar no longer dissolves.
  3. 3Measure and record the total mass of the sugar that dissolved in the heated water.
  4. 4Repeat the process for the remaining target temperatures while keeping the volume of water constant at 100 mL100\text{ mL}.

Answer

The correct order of steps for the modified experiment is first heating the water to a target temperature, next adding sugar until it no longer dissolves, then measuring and recording the mass of the dissolved sugar, and finally repeating these steps for the other temperatures.
The correct order follows a logical experimental procedure for measuring solubility at different temperatures: first, establishing the independent variable (temperature) by heating the water; second, performing the test by adding sugar to saturation; third, measuring the dependent variable (mass of dissolved sugar); and fourth, repeating the process for other levels of the independent variable (other temperatures) while controlling other factors.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the first step in conducting a solubility test at a specific temperature.
The water sample must be heated to the target temperature (40∘C40^\circ\text{C}, 60∘C60^\circ\text{C}, or 80∘C80^\circ\text{C}) before adding sugar.
Dissolving sugar at the correct starting temperature ensures the solubility measurement is accurate for that temperature.
2
Determine the next physical step in the dissolution process.
Sugar is added incrementally and stirred until the solution becomes saturated.
Saturating the solution is necessary to find the maximum limit of solubility at that temperature.
3
Determine the measurement step that follows saturation.
Measure and record the total mass of sugar dissolved.
Recording the mass at the end of the trial provides the data point for that specific temperature.
4
Determine the final step to complete the study across the full temperature range.
Repeat the entire procedure for the remaining temperatures while keeping the water volume constant.
Testing all temperatures under controlled conditions allows for a valid comparison of solubility trends.

Key Concept

To modify an experiment to test a new range of an independent variable (temperature), one must systematically heat the solvent, dissolve the solute to saturation, measure the mass, and repeat the process under controlled conditions for all remaining values of the independent variable.
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Topics

Designing Follow-Up Experiments and Test Modifications

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