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Difficulty: MediumBlack Education, HBCUs, and Philosophical Debates

Read the following excerpt from the federal Morrill Land-Grant Act of 1890:

'...no money shall be paid out under this act to any State or Territory for the support and maintenance of a college where a distinction of race or color is made in the admission of students, but the establishment and maintenance of such colleges separately for white and colored students shall be held to be a compliance with the provisions of this act if the funds received in such State or Territory be equitably divided...'

Which of the following historical outcomes was a direct consequence of the policy described in the excerpt?

  1. The establishment of a system of state-supported, land-grant historically Black colleges and universitiesAnswer
  2. B
    The immediate integration of existing public higher education institutions throughout the South
  3. C
    The enforcement of strict funding parity between white and Black public institutions by state governments
  4. D
    The decline of private Black institutions and churches as centers of community leadership and education

Answer

The establishment of a system of state-supported, land-grant historically Black colleges and universities
The correct answer is correct because the Morrill Land-Grant Act of 1890 allowed Southern states to satisfy federal funding requirements by establishing separate public colleges for African American students. This policy led directly to the creation of the system of public land-grant historically Black colleges and universities (known as the 1890 land-grant institutions) that provided agricultural, mechanical, and academic instruction.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the provided historical document.
The text shows that the Morrill Land-Grant Act of 1890 allowed states to establish separate colleges for white and Black students, provided that funding was divided equitably.
This establishes the legal mechanism of separate-but-equal in federal higher education funding.
2
Evaluate the choices against historical developments in post-Reconstruction education.
The compromise in the Morrill Act of 1890 directly led to the founding of public land-grant HBCUs (such as Florida A&M, North Carolina A&T, and Southern University) because Southern states refused to integrate existing institutions.
Connecting the legal text to its practical historical impact reveals the correct educational outcome.

Key Concept

The founding and funding of public land-grant HBCUs under the Second Morrill Act of 1890
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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Topics

Black Education, HBCUs, and Philosophical Debates

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