Question

Difficulty: HardTone, Voice, and Speaker Persona

Read the following poem by Thomas Hardy carefully before answering the question.

The Man He Killed (1902)

"Had he and I but met
By some old ancient inn,
We should have sat us down to wet
Right many a nipperkin!

"But ranged as infantry,
And staring face to face,
I shot at him as he at me,
And killed him in his place.

"I shot him dead because —
Because he was my foe,
Just so: my foe of course he was;
That's clear enough; although

"He thought he'd list, perhaps,
Off-hand like — just as I —
Was out of work — had sold his traps ���
No other reason why.

"Yes; quaint and curious war is!
You shoot a fellow down
You'd treat if met where any bar is,
Or help to half-a-crown."

In the third and fourth stanzas ("I shot him... reason why"), how do the speaker's hesitant syntax and self-correction shape the poem's tone and voice?

  1. A
    They establish a tone of resolute patriotism, showing the speaker's unwavering belief in the justice of his nation's cause.
  2. They expose the speaker’s psychological discomfort, revealing a voice that struggles to rationalize an act of violence dictated solely by institutional allegiance.Answer
  3. C
    They reflect the poet's autobiographical remorse over his own combat experiences during the Boer War.
  4. D
    They maintain a consistently detached, clinical perspective that underscores the speaker's indifference to the casualty of war.
  5. E
    They serve as technical demonstrations of caesura and enjambment, emphasizing the mechanical precision of the poem's stanzaic form without altering the speaker's voice.

Answer

The speaker's hesitant syntax and self-correction expose his psychological discomfort, revealing a voice that struggles to rationalize an act of violence dictated solely by institutional allegiance.
The correct answer correctly identifies that the speaker's hesitation, marked by dashed pauses and repetitive phrasing, reveals a deep psychological division. The speaker wants to accept the institutional definition of the dead man as a 'foe,' but his voice falters as he recognizes their shared humanity and identical socioeconomic reasons for enlisting.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the speaker's syntax and punctuation in the specified stanzas.
Identify that the speaker uses hyphens, repetitions ('because — / Because'), and qualifying phrases ('perhaps,' 'just as I') to disrupt the flow of the poem.
Understanding formal syntax shifts is the first step in assessing tone.
2
Determine the speaker's underlying attitude or perspective towards killing the enemy soldier.
The speaker tries to justify the killing by repeating 'Because he was my foe,' but immediately hesitates ('although') and begins comparing his own life circumstances to the deceased's.
This establishes the gap between the official narrative ('foe') and the speaker's human empathy.
3
Evaluate the options to find the one that accurately describes this voice and tone.
The option describing the speaker's struggle to rationalize the violence under institutional dictates fits the textual evidence of hesitation and empathy.
This step matches the analysis of tone and voice to the correct answer choice.

Key Concept

Analyzing how syntax, repetition, and hesitation shape a speaker's tone, voice, and internal conflict in a poem.
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