Question

Difficulty: MediumTone, Voice, and Speaker Persona

Read the following poem carefully before answering the question.

The Chimney Sweeper (1789)

When my mother died I was very young,
And my father sold me while yet my tongue
Could scarcely cry " 'weep! 'weep! 'weep! 'weep!"
So your chimneys I sweep, and in soot I sleep.

There’s little Tom Dacre, who cried when his head,
That curled like a lamb’s back, was shaved: so I said
"Hush, Tom! never mind it, for when your head’s bare
You know that the soot cannot spoil your white hair."

And so he was quiet, and that very night,
As Tom was a-sleeping, he had such a sight!
That thousands of sweepers, Dick, Joe, Ned, and Jack,
Were all of them locked up in coffins of black.

And by came an Angel who had a bright key,
And he opened the coffins and set them all free;
Then down a green plain, leaping, laughing, they run,
And wash in a river, and shine in the Sun.

Then naked and white, all their bags left behind,
They rise upon clouds and sport in the wind;
And the Angel told Tom, if he’d be a good boy,
He’d have God for his father, and never want joy.

And so Tom awoke; and we rose in the dark,
And got with our bags and our brushes to work.
Though the morning was cold, Tom was happy and warm;
So if all do their duty they need not fear harm.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the speaker’s persona and the author's thematic perspective in the final stanza?

  1. A
    The speaker is identical to the author, who uses the child’s voice to directly comfort readers and promote a traditional religious moral.
  2. B
    The speaker's submissive attitude represents the author’s own belief that unquestioning obedience to authority is the only path to spiritual salvation.
  3. The speaker’s naive optimism highlights the author’s biting irony, exposing the tragedy of a child who accepts institutional exploitation as a moral duty.Answer
  4. D
    The speaker's voice is entirely straightforward, conveying a literal, comforting message that performing labor diligently prevents physical suffering.
  5. E
    The speaker undergoes a dramatic transformation, shifting from a sorrowful, mourning child to an authoritative, stern preacher who warns the other boys.

Answer

The speaker’s naive optimism highlights the author’s biting irony, exposing the tragedy of a child who accepts institutional exploitation as a moral duty.
The correct answer shows that the speaker's naive optimism highlights the author's biting irony, exposing the tragedy of a child who accepts institutional exploitation as a moral duty. Blake uses the child speaker's voice to create a dramatic irony where the reader understands the horror and exploitation of child labor, while the child speaker remains innocent and accepts the societal message that obedience will lead to safety and salvation.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the speaker and their situation.
The speaker is a young child employed as a chimney sweeper who maintains a naive, optimistic outlook despite his grim circumstances.
Understanding the speaker's persona is essential to analyzing the voice of the poem.
2
Analyze the tone of the final lines.
The final line expresses a straightforward moral instruction that doing one's duty ensures safety from harm.
This establishes the literal message conveyed by the speaker.
3
Evaluate the authorial perspective in relation to the speaker's tone.
The author uses the child's naive acceptance of suffering to expose the cruelty of society's moral and religious justifications for child labor.
This reveals the underlying dramatic irony and defines the contrast between the speaker's voice and the author's theme.

Key Concept

Tone, Voice, and Speaker Persona
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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