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Difficulty: HardDomain-Specific and Technical Vocabulary

An environmental wastewater treatment manual written in Spanish includes the following technical instruction:

"En el tratamiento secundario de aguas residuales, es imperativo regular la aireación en los tanques de lodos activos. Un suministro deficiente de oxígeno puede inducir la anoxia del sistema, lo que desencadenaría la proliferación de bacterias filamentosas y dificultaría la posterior decantación del fango."

Based on this instruction, what is the primary consequence of failing to maintain proper "aireación"?

  1. The system will experience oxygen depletion, promoting the growth of bacteria that prevent the sludge from settling properly.Answer
  2. B
    The system will become highly acidic, causing the active sludge to decompose and evaporate from the treatment tanks.
  3. C
    The operator must decant the sludge prior to aeration to avoid killing the active bacterial colonies.
  4. D
    The aeration of the active sludge is a suggested guideline to be implemented only if filamentous bacteria are detected.

Answer

The system will experience oxygen depletion, promoting the growth of bacteria that prevent the sludge from settling properly.
The correct answer accurately reflects the technical terms used in the passage: a lack of 'aireación' (aeration) causes 'anoxia' (oxygen depletion), which encourages the growth of 'bacterias filamentosas' (filamentous bacteria), ultimately disrupting the 'decantación del fango' (the settling of the sludge).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the technical term 'aireación' (aeration) and its direct role described in the text.
The manual states that regulating 'aireación' is mandatory ('imperativo') to maintain oxygen supply in the activated sludge tanks.
Establishing the baseline role of the target technical term within the system.
2
Identify the cause-and-effect relationship initiated by a deficiency in aeration.
A deficient supply of oxygen leads to system 'anoxia' (lack of oxygen).
Understanding the immediate chemical and biological change in the system due to failure of the first step.
3
Determine the downstream effects of system 'anoxia' on the biological components and the final procedural step.
Anoxia triggers the overgrowth of 'bacterias filamentosas' (filamentous bacteria), which hinders the 'posterior decantación del fango' (subsequent settling of the sludge).
Connecting the technical consequences to the final step of the wastewater treatment process.

Key Concept

Understanding domain-specific and technical vocabulary in instructional Spanish texts to trace cause-effect relationships.
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Topics

Domain-Specific and Technical Vocabulary

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