Question

Difficulty: EasyStructure and Core Principles of the U.S. Constitution

"The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people."
— Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

Which of the following constitutional principles is most directly reflected in this amendment?

  1. A
    The retention of absolute state sovereignty, replicating the weak federal structure of the Articles of Confederation.
  2. Federalism, by establishing a division of power between the national government and the state governments.Answer
  3. C
    The elimination of federal supremacy over the states, resolving a key debate from the Articles of Confederation.
  4. D
    The implementation of Alexander Hamilton's factional goal of granting unlimited implied powers to the executive branch.

Answer

Federalism, by establishing a division of power between the national government and the state governments.
The correct answer is the option stating that the amendment reflects federalism by establishing a division of power between the national and state governments. The Tenth Amendment explicitly states that any powers not delegated to the federal government by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states or to the people. This embodies the principle of federalism, which is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the text of the Tenth Amendment to identify its main subject.
The amendment discusses powers that are not delegated to the United States (the federal government) and reserves them to the states or the people.
Understanding the division of powers between different levels of government is necessary to identify the core principle being described.
2
Associate this division of power with the correct constitutional principle.
The division of power between a central national government and regional state governments is the definition of federalism.
Connecting the textual description of shared and reserved powers to the concept of federalism allows for the selection of the correct option.

Key Concept

Federalism and the division of powers between national and state governments
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