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Difficulty: HardFeminist, LGBTQ+, and Minority Liberation Movements

"We, the under-signed, associated with the National Farm Workers Association... We are conscious of the historical development of our country and of the world, and we have seen the historical development of our people. We have been exploited for too long... The surface of the land which now bears much fruit has been watered by the sweat and blood of our people... We shall do it without violence because that is our destiny... We do not want charity at the price of our dignity. We want to be equal with all the other citizens of this nation; we want the rights that are ours by law."
— National Farm Workers Association, *El Plan de Delano*, 1966

The goals expressed in the excerpt most directly challenged which of the following?

  1. A
    The direct federal funding of community-led agricultural cooperatives through Great Society programs
  2. B
    The rise of a unified consensus among minority rights organizations regarding the exclusive use of nonviolent tactics
  3. The exclusion of agricultural laborers from federal labor protections established during the New DealAnswer
  4. D
    The federal government's adherence to laissez-faire principles by refusing to intervene in labor disputes

Answer

The correct answer is the exclusion of agricultural laborers from federal labor protections established during the New Deal.
The correct answer is correct because the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act) of 1935 explicitly excluded agricultural and domestic workers from its protections, including the right to unionize and engage in collective bargaining. The United Farm Workers, led by César Chávez and Dolores Huerta, challenged this structural inequality through strikes and national consumer boycotts, seeking the same legal rights afforded to industrial workers.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the source document (*El Plan de Delano*, 1966) to identify the target group (farmworkers/National Farm Workers Association) and their core demands (labor equality, dignity, and legal rights).
Identified that the document represents Chicano agricultural workers advocating for civil and labor rights.
Understanding the identity and specific grievances of the group is necessary to locate them in the broader historical context of Period 8.
2
Relate the group's demands and strategies (nonviolence, labor organizing) to the historical context of the mid-20th century, noting the obstacles they faced in securing collective bargaining rights.
Recognized that agricultural laborers faced unique legal barriers that other industrial unions did not encounter.
This contextualization helps identify the structural challenges that the United Farm Workers sought to dismantle.
3
Identify the historical barrier being challenged, which was the exclusion of agricultural workers from the protections of the National Labor Relations Act of 1935, forcing them to use consumer boycotts to achieve recognition.
Linked the farmworkers' struggles directly to their exclusion from New Deal labor protections.
This links the specific stimulus to the correct historical continuity and development.

Key Concept

The Chicano and United Farm Workers movement and its relation to New Deal labor policies
Estimated Time:2m 0s
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Topics

Feminist, LGBTQ+, and Minority Liberation Movements

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