Question

Difficulty: MediumStructure and Core Principles of the U.S. Constitution

“To what expedient, then, shall we finally resort, for maintaining in practice the necessary partition of power among the several departments, as laid down in the Constitution? The only answer that can be given is... by so contriving the interior structure of the government as that its several constituent parts may, by their mutual relations, be the means of keeping each other in their proper places.”

—Publius (James Madison), Federalist No. 51, 1788

Which of the following constitutional mechanisms best embodies the principle described in the excerpt?

  1. The presidential power to veto legislation passed by CongressAnswer
  2. B
    The division of sovereign power between the federal government and state governments
  3. C
    The establishment of a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state
  4. D
    The strict constructionist view that limits federal actions to explicitly enumerated powers

Answer

The presidential power to veto legislation passed by Congress
The correct answer refers to the presidential veto, which is a classic example of checks and balances. In Federalist No. 51, James Madison argues that the best way to maintain the separation of powers is to give each branch the constitutional means to resist encroachments by the others. The veto allows the executive branch to prevent Congress from overstepping its bounds, illustrating how the departments use their mutual relations to keep each other in their proper places.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the stimulus quote
The quote discusses maintaining the partition of power among governmental departments (branches) using their mutual relations to keep each other in place.
Understanding that the author is describing the constitutional mechanism of checks and balances and separation of powers is necessary to answer the question.
2
Identify the constitutional mechanism that fits the description
The presidential veto allows the executive branch to check the legislative branch, embodying the 'mutual relations' that keep departments in their proper places.
Connecting the theory of checks and balances in Federalist No. 51 to concrete features of the U.S. Constitution.
3
Evaluate the distractors
The division of power between federal and state levels represents federalism. A unicameral legislature represents the Articles of Confederation. Strict constructionism represents factional debates on federal scope.
Eliminating options that describe federalism, factional disputes, or pre-constitutional structures.

Key Concept

Checks and Balances and Separation of Powers
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