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Difficulty: MediumParaphrased Fact Recognition

In municipal ultraviolet (UV) water purification systems, water flows through an irradiation chamber where high-intensity mercury lamps emit germicidal light. To isolate the electrical lamps from direct contact with fluid while allowing maximum radiation transmission, the lamps are encased in specialized high-purity quartz sleeves. Over time, dissolved minerals and iron precipitate onto the exterior of these sleeves, creating a cloudy fouling layer. This mineral buildup substantially obstructs the penetration of ultraviolet rays, reducing disinfection efficacy. Consequently, automated mechanical wiper rings periodically traverse the sleeves to scrub away mineral scale without interrupting the continuous liquid flow.

According to the passage, why are the mercury lamps enclosed in quartz sleeves?

  1. A
    To ensure high-intensity mercury lamps maintain direct contact with fluid in the irradiation chamber
  2. B
    To allow ultraviolet radiation to dissolve the mineral scale formed on the wiper rings
  3. To protect the light emitters from liquid exposure while letting germicidal energy pass throughAnswer
  4. D
    To chemically neutralize dissolved metals before water exits the purification chamber

Answer

To protect the light emitters from liquid exposure while letting germicidal energy pass through
The passage explicitly notes that the lamps are encased in quartz sleeves to 'isolate the electrical lamps from direct contact with fluid while allowing maximum radiation transmission.' The correct answer accurately restates this factual detail using synonyms and syntactic restructuring by stating that the sleeves protect the light emitters from liquid exposure while letting germicidal energy pass through.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Locate the specific sentence in the passage that explains the function of the quartz sleeves.
Found: 'To isolate the electrical lamps from direct contact with fluid while allowing maximum radiation transmission, the lamps are encased in specialized high-purity quartz sleeves.'
Direct retrieval of the relevant factual statement is necessary before identifying its paraphrased version.
2
Map the author's wording to synonymous concepts and structures.
'Isolate... from direct contact with fluid' corresponds to protecting the light emitters from liquid exposure, and 'allowing maximum radiation transmission' corresponds to letting germicidal energy pass through.
Recognizing synonyms and restructured syntax allows identification of the correct paraphrase.
3
Verify the correct option and eliminate distractors containing verbatim distortions, inversions, or unsupported claims.
The option stating that sleeves protect emitters from liquid while letting energy through is unequivocally supported.
Ensures that the selected answer adheres strictly to the text without falling for verbatim traps.

Key Concept

Paraphrased Fact Recognition
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Paraphrased Fact Recognition

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