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Question 261Question →

A furniture store salesperson earns a weekly base salary of $500\$500, plus a 4%4\% commission on all sales. If the salesperson sells $3,000\$3,000 worth of furniture in a week, what is their total gross pay for that week?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: $620\$620

Answer

$620\$620
To find the total gross pay, you must first determine the commission earned by multiplying the total sales by the commission rate. 4%4\% of $3,000\$3,000 is $120\$120. Next, add this commission to the base salary. $500+$120=$620\$500 + \$120 = \$620. Therefore, the salesperson's total gross pay is $620\$620.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the commission earned from the sales.
$3,000×0.04=$120\$3,000 \times 0.04 = \$120
The salesperson earns a 4% commission on their total sales volume.
2
Add the commission to the base salary to find the total gross pay.
$500+$120=$620\$500 + \$120 = \$620
Total gross pay is the sum of the fixed base salary and the variable commission.

Key Concept

Calculating total earnings by combining a fixed base salary with a percentage-based commission on sales.
Question 262Question →

A civilian contractor works 55 days a week for 88 hours each day on a military base. If the contractor earns $840\$840 for the entire week, what is the contractor's hourly wage?

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Answer: \$21

Answer

The contractor's hourly wage is $21\$21.
The total number of hours worked in the week is found by multiplying the 55 days by 88 hours per day, which equals 4040 hours. The hourly wage is then calculated by dividing the total weekly earnings by the total hours worked: $840÷40=$21\$840 \div 40 = \$21 per hour.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the total number of hours the contractor works in the week.
5 days×8 hours/day=40 hours5 \text{ days} \times 8 \text{ hours/day} = 40 \text{ hours}
To find the hourly wage, the total earnings must be divided by the total hours worked.
2
Divide the total weekly earnings by the total hours worked to find the hourly wage.
$840÷40 hours=$21 per hour\$840 \div 40 \text{ hours} = \$21 \text{ per hour}
The unit rate (hourly wage) is the ratio of total pay to total time.

Key Concept

Calculating a unit rate by determining the total quantity (hours) and dividing the total amount (earnings) by that quantity.
Question 263Question →

A supply clerk notes that 720\frac{7}{20} of the spare parts inventory needs to be restocked. What decimal represents the portion of the inventory that needs restocking?

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Answer: 0.35

Answer

0.35
To convert the fraction 720\frac{7}{20} to a decimal, you divide the numerator (7) by the denominator (20), which equals 0.35. Alternatively, you can multiply both the numerator and denominator by 5 to get the equivalent fraction 35100\frac{35}{100}, which is easily read as the decimal 0.35.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the fraction that needs to be converted.
The fraction is 720\frac{7}{20}.
This fraction represents the portion of the inventory to be restocked.
2
Convert the fraction into an equivalent fraction with a base-10 denominator, such as 100.
7×520×5=35100\frac{7 \times 5}{20 \times 5} = \frac{35}{100}
Fractions with a denominator of 100 can be easily and directly written as decimals.
3
Write the resulting fraction as a decimal.
0.35
35100\frac{35}{100} represents 35 hundredths, which is 0.35 in decimal form.

Key Concept

Converting Fractions to Decimals

Alternative Method

You can use long division to divide 7.00 by 20. 20 goes into 70 three times (with a remainder of 10). Bring down a 0 to make 100. 20 goes into 100 five times, resulting in 0.35.
Estimated Time:45s
Question 264Question →

During a morning commute, a passenger train maintains a constant speed of 48 miles per hour48\text{ miles per hour} between two city stations. If the non-stop journey takes exactly 1515 minutes, what is the total distance between the two stations?

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Answer: 12 miles12\text{ miles}

Answer

The distance between the two stations is 12 miles12\text{ miles}.
The correct answer is found by first converting 1515 minutes to hours by dividing by 6060, which gives 0.250.25 hours. Then, multiplying the speed of 48 miles per hour48\text{ miles per hour} by 0.250.25 hours results in a distance of 12 miles12\text{ miles}.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the formula for distance.
Distance=Rate×TimeDistance = Rate \times Time
This formula connects speed, time, and distance to find the unknown value.
2
Convert the travel time from minutes to hours.
15 minutes=1560 hours=0.25 hours15 \text{ minutes} = \frac{15}{60} \text{ hours} = 0.25 \text{ hours}
The rate is given in miles per hour, so the time must be in hours to cancel out the units correctly.
3
Multiply the rate by the converted time.
48×0.25=1248 \times 0.25 = 12
Applying the values to the distance formula yields the total distance in miles.

Key Concept

Calculating distance by converting time units to match the rate units.
Estimated Time:45s
Question 265Question →

A hobbyist is building a scale model of a historic steam locomotive using a scale of 1:481:48. If the actual locomotive is 60 feet60\text{ feet} long, what is the length of the model locomotive in inches?

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Answer: 15

Answer

15
To find the length of the scale model, the actual length of the locomotive must first be converted into inches. Since there are 12 inches12\text{ inches} in a foot, 60 feet60\text{ feet} is equal to 720 inches720\text{ inches}. Using the scale ratio of 1:481:48, divide the actual length in inches by 4848 to find the model's length. Calculating 720÷48720 \div 48 yields a model length of 15 inches15\text{ inches}.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Convert the actual length of the locomotive from feet to inches.
60×12=720 inches60 \times 12 = 720\text{ inches}
The question asks for the model length in inches, so it is necessary to match the units before applying the scale factor.
2
Calculate the model length using the 1:481:48 scale ratio.
720÷48=15 inches720 \div 48 = 15\text{ inches}
The scale 1:481:48 means the model is 4848 times smaller than the actual object.

Key Concept

Applying scale ratios across different units of measurement.
Question 266Question →

Which of the following represents the correct solution set for the inequality below?

4(x−3)−3(2x+5)≥x−124(x - 3) - 3(2x + 5) \geq x - 12
Show answer & explanation

Answer: x≤−5x \leq -5

Answer

The correct solution is x≤−5x \leq -5.
The correct answer is derived by carefully distributing the values across the parentheses (yielding 4x−12−6x−15≥x−124x - 12 - 6x - 15 \geq x - 12), combining the like terms to form −2x−27≥x−12-2x - 27 \geq x - 12, and isolating xx to get −3x≥15-3x \geq 15. Crucially, dividing both sides by −3-3 requires reversing the direction of the inequality, which correctly results in x≤−5x \leq -5.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Distribute the coefficients outside the parentheses into the terms inside.
4x−12−6x−15≥x−124x - 12 - 6x - 15 \geq x - 12
This removes the parentheses. Care must be taken to multiply -3 by +5 correctly to get -15.
2
Combine the like terms on the left side of the inequality.
−2x−27≥x−12-2x - 27 \geq x - 12
Simplifying both sides makes it easier to isolate the variable.
3
Move all terms containing xx to one side and all constant terms to the other side.
−3x≥15-3x \geq 15
Subtracting xx from both sides gives −3x-3x, and adding 2727 to both sides gives 1515.
4
Divide both sides by -3 and reverse the inequality symbol.
x≤−5x \leq -5
Whenever you multiply or divide an inequality by a negative number, the direction of the inequality sign must be flipped to maintain a true mathematical statement.

Key Concept

Solving multi-step linear inequalities involving distribution and the inequality sign flip rule.
Question 267Question →

A logistics officer is allocating a stockpile of 11212112 \frac{1}{2} gallons of specialty aviation lubricant. The primary maintenance hangar is allocated 35\frac{3}{5} of the total stockpile. The remaining lubricant is to be divided equally among 44 flightline repair vehicles. How many gallons of lubricant will each repair vehicle receive?

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Answer: 111411 \frac{1}{4}

Answer

The correct answer is 111411 \frac{1}{4} gallons, which is calculated by finding the remaining portion of the stockpile and dividing it equally among the four vehicles.
The correct answer accurately determines that 25\frac{2}{5} of the total stockpile remains, calculates that remaining amount to be 4545 gallons, and then correctly divides those 4545 gallons equally among the 44 repair vehicles to yield 111411 \frac{1}{4} gallons.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the fraction of the stockpile that remains for the repair vehicles.
1−35=251 - \frac{3}{5} = \frac{2}{5}
The primary hangar is allocated 35\frac{3}{5} of the total, meaning the rest is left for the vehicles.
2
Calculate the volume of the remaining lubricant.
25×11212=25×2252=45010=45\frac{2}{5} \times 112 \frac{1}{2} = \frac{2}{5} \times \frac{225}{2} = \frac{450}{10} = 45 gallons.
Multiplying the remaining fraction by the total initial volume gives the exact gallons available.
3
Divide the remaining volume equally among the 4 repair vehicles.
45÷4=454=111445 \div 4 = \frac{45}{4} = 11 \frac{1}{4} gallons.
The total remaining amount must be distributed evenly to determine each vehicle's individual share.

Key Concept

Fraction Multiplication and Division in Context
Question 268Question →

A woodworker is purchasing a bulk supply of lumber with a regular total price of $800\$800. The supplier offers two different discount options for the purchase:

Option 1: A $150\$150 instant rebate on the regular price, followed by a 15%15\% discount on the remaining balance.
Option 2: A 25%25\% discount on the regular price, followed by an additional 5%5\% discount on the reduced price.

What is the positive difference in the final sale price between the two options?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: $17.50\$17.50

Answer

The correct difference between the two options is $17.50\$17.50.
Option 1 evaluates to $552.50\$552.50 by first subtracting the $150\$150 rebate and then taking 15%15\% off the remaining $650\$650. Option 2 evaluates to $570.00\$570.00 by first taking 25%25\% off the original $800\$800, yielding $600\$600, and then taking an additional 5%5\% off the $600\$600, which is $30\$30. The difference between $570.00\$570.00 and $552.50\$552.50 is $17.50\$17.50.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the price for Option 1 after the instant rebate.
$800−$150=$650\$800 - \$150 = \$650
The rebate is a flat amount subtracted from the initial regular price before any percentage discounts are applied.
2
Calculate the final price for Option 1 after the 15% discount.
$650−($650×0.15)=$650−$97.50=$552.50\$650 - (\$650 \times 0.15) = \$650 - \$97.50 = \$552.50
The 15%15\% discount applies to the remaining balance of $650\$650.
3
Calculate the price for Option 2 after the initial 25% discount.
$800−($800×0.25)=$800−$200=$600\$800 - (\$800 \times 0.25) = \$800 - \$200 = \$600
The first discount is applied directly to the regular price.
4
Calculate the final price for Option 2 after the additional 5% discount.
$600−($600×0.05)=$600−$30=$570.00\$600 - (\$600 \times 0.05) = \$600 - \$30 = \$570.00
Successive discounts are applied to the newly reduced price, not the original price.
5
Calculate the positive difference between the two final prices.
$570.00−$552.50=$17.50\$570.00 - \$552.50 = \$17.50
Subtracting the smaller final price from the larger final price provides the difference.

Key Concept

Calculating successive discounts, rebates, and comparing multiple-step financial scenarios.
Question 269Question →

A warehouse forklift moves 8484 cargo pallets in 66 hours. At this constant rate, how many pallets does the forklift move per hour?

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Answer: 14

Answer

The forklift moves 1414 pallets per hour.
To determine the unit rate, divide the total quantity (8484 pallets) by the total elapsed time (66 hours). The result is a constant rate of 1414 pallets per hour.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the total quantity of items and the total time.
Total pallets = 8484, Total time = 66 hours.
These are the two values needed to set up the unit rate calculation.
2
Divide the total pallets by the total hours.
84÷6=1484 \div 6 = 14
The unit rate 'pallets per hour' requires dividing the number of pallets by the number of hours.

Key Concept

Calculating unit rates
Estimated Time:45s
Question 270Question →

A recruitment office processes 400400 applications in a month. If 15%15\% of the applicants meet the requirements for a specialized technical role, how many applicants qualify for this role?

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Answer: 6060

Answer

Exactly 6060 applicants qualify for the role.
To calculate 15%15\% of 400400, first convert the percentage to its decimal form, which is 0.150.15. Then, multiply the total number of applicants (400400) by the decimal (0.150.15). The calculation 400×0.15400 \times 0.15 equals 6060. Therefore, 6060 applicants meet the requirements.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Convert the percentage to a decimal.
15%=0.1515\% = 0.15
A percentage must be expressed as a decimal or fraction to be used in a calculation.
2
Multiply the total number of applications by the decimal.
400×0.15=60400 \times 0.15 = 60
Multiplying the total quantity by the percentage rate gives the fractional amount representing that percentage.

Key Concept

To find a specific percentage of a quantity, convert the percent to a decimal (or fraction) and multiply it by the total amount.
Estimated Time:45s
Question 271Question →

Read the scenario and fill in the missing numerical values for the discount and the sale price.

Fill in the blanks below

A hardware store is selling a power drill with a regular price of $120\$120. If the store is offering a 20%20\% discount on all power tools, calculate the savings and the new price.

Discount amount: $\$

Final sale price: $\$
Show answer & explanation

Answer

The discount amount is $24\$24, and the final sale price is $96\$96.
To find the discount amount, multiply the regular price ($120\$120) by the discount percentage (20%20\% or 0.200.20), which equals $24\$24. To find the final sale price, subtract the $24\$24 discount from the $120\$120 regular price, which equals $96\$96.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Convert the discount percentage to a decimal.
20%=0.2020\% = 0.20
Percentages must be in decimal form to multiply them by dollar amounts.
2
Calculate the discount amount by multiplying the original price by the decimal discount rate.
$120×0.20=$24\$120 \times 0.20 = \$24
This determines the exact dollar amount that will be saved.
3
Subtract the discount amount from the original price to find the final sale price.
$120−$24=$96\$120 - \$24 = \$96
The final sale price is the original price minus the savings.

Key Concept

Calculating the dollar amount of a percentage discount and determining the final sale price.
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 272Question →

An individual borrows $4,000\$4,000 to purchase a used motorcycle. The loan has an annual simple interest rate of 7%7\%. If the loan is paid off in exactly 2424 months, how much total interest will the borrower pay?

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Answer: $560\$560

Answer

The total interest paid is $560\$560.
The correct answer accurately uses the simple interest formula I=P×R×TI = P \times R \times T. The principal (PP) is $4,000\$4,000, the rate (RR) is 0.070.07, and the time (TT) in years is 22 (since 2424 months equals 22 years). Multiplying these together yields $4,000×0.07×2=$560\$4,000 \times 0.07 \times 2 = \$560.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the principal amount (PP), annual interest rate (RR), and time (TT) given in the problem.
P=$4,000P = \$4,000, R=7%R = 7\%, and T=24T = 24 months.
These are the required variables for the simple interest formula.
2
Convert the interest rate from a percentage to a decimal.
7%=0.077\% = 0.07
Mathematical formulas require percentages to be in decimal form.
3
Convert the time duration from months to years to match the annual interest rate.
24 months÷12 months/year=2 years24 \text{ months} \div 12 \text{ months/year} = 2 \text{ years}.
The interest rate is annual, so the time must also be in years.
4
Apply the simple interest formula, I=P×R×TI = P \times R \times T.
I=$4,000×0.07×2=$560I = \$4,000 \times 0.07 \times 2 = \$560.
This calculates the total interest accrued over the 2-year period.

Key Concept

Simple Interest Calculation with Time Conversion
Question 273Question →

A marketing consultant earns a weekly base salary of $850\$850. She also earns a 4%4\% commission on any client contracts she secures beyond a weekly quota of $5,000\$5,000. If she secures $18,500\$18,500 in contracts this week, what are her total gross earnings?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: \$1,390

Answer

\$1,390
The correct answer is found by subtracting the $5,000\$5,000 quota from the total $18,500\$18,500 in contracts to find the commissionable amount ($13,500\$13,500). Then, calculating 4%4\% of that amount yields $540\$540 in commission. Finally, adding the $540\$540 commission to the $850\$850 base salary results in total gross earnings of $1,390\$1,390.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the amount of sales eligible for commission.
$18,500−$5,000=$13,500\$18,500 - \$5,000 = \$13,500
The consultant only earns commission on contracts beyond the $5,000\$5,000 quota.
2
Calculate the commission earned on the eligible sales.
0.04×$13,500=$5400.04 \times \$13,500 = \$540
The commission rate is 4%4\%, which is 0.040.04 as a decimal.
3
Add the commission to the base salary to find total gross earnings.
$850+$540=$1,390\$850 + \$540 = \$1,390
Total earnings are the sum of the fixed base salary and the variable commission.

Key Concept

Calculating gross pay involving a base salary and a tiered commission structure.
Estimated Time:1m 15s
Question 274Question →

A freight train departs from a central hub to deliver materials across two different transit zones. In the primary zone, the train maintains a constant speed of 60 mph60\text{ mph} for 2 hours and 45 minutes2\text{ hours and } 45\text{ minutes}. Upon entering the secondary zone, it reduces its speed to 40 mph40\text{ mph} for the remaining 1 hour and 15 minutes1\text{ hour and } 15\text{ minutes} of the route. What is the total distance traveled by the freight train?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 215 miles215\text{ miles}

Answer

The freight train traveled a total distance of 215 miles215\text{ miles}.
To find the total distance, each segment must be calculated separately using the formula Distance=Speed×Time\text{Distance} = \text{Speed} \times \text{Time}. For the primary zone, 2 hours and 45 minutes2\text{ hours and } 45\text{ minutes} is 2.75 hours2.75\text{ hours}. Multiplying 60 mph60\text{ mph} by 2.75 hours2.75\text{ hours} yields 165 miles165\text{ miles}. For the secondary zone, 1 hour and 15 minutes1\text{ hour and } 15\text{ minutes} is 1.25 hours1.25\text{ hours}. Multiplying 40 mph40\text{ mph} by 1.25 hours1.25\text{ hours} yields 50 miles50\text{ miles}. The total distance is the sum of these two segments: 165+50=215 miles165 + 50 = 215\text{ miles}.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Convert the travel time for the primary zone into hours.
2 hours and 45 minutes=2+4560=2.75 hours2\text{ hours and } 45\text{ minutes} = 2 + \frac{45}{60} = 2.75\text{ hours}.
Speed is given in miles per hour (mph), so time must be in hours to calculate distance.
2
Calculate the distance traveled in the primary zone.
Distance=Speed×Time=60 mph×2.75 hours=165 miles\text{Distance} = \text{Speed} \times \text{Time} = 60\text{ mph} \times 2.75\text{ hours} = 165\text{ miles}.
Applying the standard distance formula for the first segment.
3
Convert the travel time for the secondary zone into hours.
1 hour and 15 minutes=1+1560=1.25 hours1\text{ hour and } 15\text{ minutes} = 1 + \frac{15}{60} = 1.25\text{ hours}.
Time must be consistently in hours to match the speed unit.
4
Calculate the distance traveled in the secondary zone.
Distance=40 mph×1.25 hours=50 miles\text{Distance} = 40\text{ mph} \times 1.25\text{ hours} = 50\text{ miles}.
Applying the distance formula for the second segment.
5
Add the distances of both zones to find the total distance.
165 miles+50 miles=215 miles165\text{ miles} + 50\text{ miles} = 215\text{ miles}.
The total distance is the sum of all individual legs of the journey.

Key Concept

Calculating distance across multiple segments requires converting time into consistent units (hours) before applying the distance formula (d=rtd = rt) to each segment and summing the results.
Question 275Question →

An electronics salesperson earns a base weekly salary of $650\$650 plus a 6%6\% commission on their total sales. If they sell $4,500\$4,500 worth of electronics in one week, what is their total gross pay, in dollars, for that week?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 920

Answer

920
The total gross pay is the sum of the base salary and the commission earned. The commission is 6%6\% of $4,500\$4,500, which is calculated as 0.06×4500=2700.06 \times 4500 = 270. Adding this to the base salary gives 650+270=920650 + 270 = 920.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the commission earned from sales.
$270\$270
The commission is 6%6\% of the $4,500\$4,500 in total sales. Multiply 45004500 by 0.060.06 to find this amount.
2
Calculate the total gross pay.
$920\$920
Add the commission earned ($270\$270) to the base weekly salary ($650\$650) to determine the total earnings for the week.

Key Concept

Calculating total gross pay by combining a base salary with a percentage commission.
Question 276Question →

A craftsman purchases 6060 wooden boards at $3.00\$3.00 each to build custom storage chests. He spends an additional $40.00\$40.00 on hinges and pays a $20.00\$20.00 delivery fee for the materials. If he builds 1010 chests and sells them all for $30.00\$30.00 each, what is his profit percentage?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 25%25\%

Answer

The profit percentage is 25%25\%.
The correct answer is found by first determining the total cost, which includes the materials and all overhead expenses ($180+$40+$20=$240\$180 + \$40 + \$20 = \$240). Next, find the total revenue ($30×10=$300\$30 \times 10 = \$300). The profit is the difference ($300−$240=$60\$300 - \$240 = \$60). Finally, divide the profit by the total cost to find the percentage: $60/$240=0.25\$60 / \$240 = 0.25, which is 25%25\%.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the initial cost of the wooden boards.
60×$3.00=$180.0060 \times \$3.00 = \$180.00
To find the base material cost before adding overhead expenses.
2
Calculate the total cost (investment).
$180.00+$40.00 (hinges)+$20.00 (delivery)=$240.00\$180.00 + \$40.00 \text{ (hinges)} + \$20.00 \text{ (delivery)} = \$240.00
All overhead and preparation expenses must be included to find the true total cost.
3
Calculate the total revenue from selling the chests.
10×$30.00=$300.0010 \times \$30.00 = \$300.00
To determine the total amount earned from sales.
4
Calculate the profit amount.
$300.00−$240.00=$60.00\$300.00 - \$240.00 = \$60.00
Profit is the difference between total revenue and total cost.
5
Calculate the profit percentage.
(\$60.00 / \$240.00) \times 100 = 0.25 \times 100 = 25\%
Profit percentage is the profit amount divided by the total cost, expressed as a percentage.

Key Concept

Calculating percentage profit with multi-step overhead costs
Estimated Time:1m 15s
Question 277Question →

A military supply convoy travels at a steady speed of 40 miles per hour40\text{ miles per hour} for 2 hours2\text{ hours}. Then, it travels at a steady speed of 50 miles per hour50\text{ miles per hour} for 1 hour1\text{ hour}. What is the total distance traveled by the convoy? Provide your answer including the unit (e.g., '130 miles').

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 130 miles; 130 mi; 130

Answer

130 miles
To find the total distance, you must calculate the distance for each segment separately using the formula Distance = Rate × Time, and then add them together. The first segment covers 80 miles (40 mph × 2 hours) and the second segment covers 50 miles (50 mph × 1 hour), resulting in a total distance of 130 miles.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the distance for the first part of the trip.
40×2=80 miles40 \times 2 = 80\text{ miles}
Distance is equal to rate multiplied by time.
2
Calculate the distance for the second part of the trip.
50×1=50 miles50 \times 1 = 50\text{ miles}
Apply the distance formula to the second segment.
3
Add the distances from both parts of the trip to find the total distance.
80+50=130 miles80 + 50 = 130\text{ miles}
The total distance is the sum of the individual segment distances.

Key Concept

Calculating total distance for a multi-segment journey by applying the formula Distance = Rate × Time to each segment.
Estimated Time:45s
Question 278Question →

A military dining facility prepares 800800 meals for a special event. If 45%45\% of these meals are vegetarian, how many vegetarian meals were prepared?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 360

Answer

360
To find the number of vegetarian meals, multiply the total number of meals (800800) by the decimal form of the percentage (0.450.45), which yields exactly 360360 meals.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Convert the percentage to a decimal.
45%=0.4545\% = 0.45
Percentages must be converted to decimals or fractions to perform arithmetic operations.
2
Multiply the total quantity by the decimal.
800×0.45=360800 \times 0.45 = 360
To find a percentage of a quantity, multiply the total by the decimal equivalent of the percentage.

Key Concept

Calculating a percentage of a given whole number
Estimated Time:45s
Question 279Question →

A civil engineering unit is mixing concrete for a rapid runway repair. The specialized mixture requires a weight ratio of 33 parts Portland cement to 55 parts aggregate. If a repair job requires a total of 400400 pounds of this dry mixture, how many pounds of Portland cement are needed?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 150150

Answer

The correct amount is 150150 pounds.
The mixture consists of 33 parts cement and 55 parts aggregate, meaning there are 88 parts in total. Since the entire mixture weighs 400400 pounds, each part weighs 5050 pounds (400÷8400 \div 8). To find the amount of Portland cement, which represents 33 of those parts, we multiply 5050 by 33 to get 150150 pounds.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the total number of parts in the given ratio.
3 (cement)+5 (aggregate)=8 total parts3 \text{ (cement)} + 5 \text{ (aggregate)} = 8 \text{ total parts}
Because the 400400 pounds represents the entire mixture, we need to know the total parts that make up that whole mixture.
2
Calculate the weight of one single part.
400÷8=50 pounds per part400 \div 8 = 50 \text{ pounds per part}
Dividing the total weight by the total number of parts gives the value of a single proportional unit.
3
Calculate the total weight of the Portland cement.
50×3=150 pounds50 \times 3 = 150 \text{ pounds}
The ratio specifies 33 parts of Portland cement, so we multiply the weight of one part by 33.

Key Concept

Solving part-to-whole ratio problems by finding the sum of the ratio parts and determining the unit value of a single part.
Question 280Question →

A mess hall crew prepares 240240 field rations in 120120 minutes. What is the crew's constant preparation rate in rations per hour?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 120

Answer

120
The rate is found by first converting 120120 minutes into 22 hours, then dividing the 240240 rations by 22 hours to obtain 120120 rations per hour.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Convert the given time from minutes to hours.
120 minutes=2 hours120 \text{ minutes} = 2 \text{ hours}
The question asks for the rate in rations per hour, so the time unit must be in hours.
2
Divide the total number of rations by the total time in hours.
240÷2=120240 \div 2 = 120
Dividing the total quantity by the total time calculates the unit rate.

Key Concept

Calculating a unit rate often requires first converting time into the requested units before performing division.
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