Question

Difficulty: MediumThe Double Majority Requirement

In a referendum to change the Australian Constitution, more than half of the total number of voters across Australia vote 'Yes', but a majority of voters in only three out of the six states vote 'Yes'. Which of the following describes the outcome of this referendum?

  1. The proposed change is rejected because it failed to achieve a majority of 'Yes' votes in at least four out of the six states.Answer
  2. B
    The proposed change is successful because a majority of the total number of voters in Australia supported the amendment.
  3. C
    The proposed change is successful because reaching a majority in half of the states (three out of six) satisfies the state-based requirement.

Answer

The proposed change is rejected because it did not receive a majority of 'Yes' votes in at least four out of the six states.
For a referendum to be successful in Australia, it must satisfy the 'double majority' rule. This means the proposal needs a majority of 'Yes' votes from all voters across Australia AND a majority of 'Yes' votes in at least four out of the six states. In this scenario, while the national majority was achieved, only three states voted 'Yes', which is not a majority of states (4/6). Therefore, the proposed change is rejected.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the 'Double Majority' rule components.
Requirement 1: A majority of voters in Australia as a whole. Requirement 2: A majority of voters in a majority of states (at least 4 out of 6 states).
This is the legal standard required by the Australian Constitution for any amendment.
2
Evaluate the first requirement against the scenario.
The scenario states a majority of all voters in Australia voted 'Yes'. Requirement 1 is met.
The national total was over 50%.
3
Evaluate the second requirement against the scenario.
The scenario states only 3 out of 6 states had a majority 'Yes' vote. Requirement 2 is NOT met.
A majority of states requires at least 4 out of 6 states to agree. 3 states is only half, not a majority.
4
Determine the final outcome.
Since both requirements must be met simultaneously, the referendum fails.
The double majority requirement is 'and', not 'or'.

Key Concept

The Double Majority Requirement

Hints

1
Recall that changing the Constitution requires two different types of majorities to be met at the same time.
2
One majority is the total number of 'Yes' votes across the whole country. The other is how many of the six states have a 'Yes' majority.
3
Is 3 out of 6 a 'majority' of states, or is it exactly half? Think about how many states must say 'Yes' for it to be more than half.

Practice More

Review why the Australian Constitution makes it difficult to change the law through this double majority system.
Estimated Time:1m 15s
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