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Difficulty: MediumStorage Devices and Interfaces

Match each storage drive interface or connectivity standard on the left with its corresponding operational throughput or interface characteristic on the right.

  • SATA Revision 3.06 Gbps maximum theoretical speed utilizing the AHCI communication protocol
  • NVMe (PCIe 4.0 x4)Up to ~8 GB/s (~64 Gbps) bandwidth leveraging four high-speed PCIe lanes
  • USB 3.2 Gen 2x110 Gbps maximum throughput over a standard external bus interface
  • SAS-3 (Serial Attached SCSI)12 Gbps point-to-point serial link designed primarily for enterprise server storage

Answer

SATA Revision 3.0 pairs with 6 Gbps / AHCI protocol; NVMe (PCIe 4.0 x4) pairs with ~8 GB/s (~64 Gbps) bandwidth over four PCIe lanes; USB 3.2 Gen 2x1 pairs with 10 Gbps external bus throughput; SAS-3 pairs with 12 Gbps enterprise serial storage.
Each storage technology corresponds strictly to its defined interface specification: SATA 3.0 delivers 6 Gbps via AHCI; NVMe over PCIe 4.0 x4 reaches ~8 GB/s (~64 Gbps); USB 3.2 Gen 2x1 provides 10 Gbps external bus speed; and SAS-3 provides 12 Gbps enterprise drive connectivity.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the protocol and transfer speed specs for internal desktop SATA storage.
SATA 3.0 operates at 6 Gbps using AHCI.
AHCI was built specifically for SATA host bus adapters.
2
Calculate throughput for PCIe 4.0 NVMe storage across 4 lanes.
PCIe 4.0 provides roughly 2 GB/s per lane, yielding ~8 GB/s (~64 Gbps) over an x4 interface.
NVMe utilizes direct PCI Express lanes rather than legacy SATA controller bottlenecks.
3
Distinguish between external USB 3.2 generations and enterprise SAS specifications.
USB 3.2 Gen 2x1 is rated at 10 Gbps for external peripherals, while SAS-3 is an enterprise 12 Gbps drive standard.
SAS targets high-availability enterprise environments, whereas USB 3.2 handles client external connections.

Key Concept

Storage Drive Interfaces, Protocols, and Speed Specifications
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Topics

Storage Devices and Interfaces

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