Question

Difficulty: MediumFunction Definitions, Evaluation, and Custom Operators

For all real numbers aa and bb, the custom binary operator \star is defined by ab=2aba \star b = 2a - b. The function ff is defined for all real numbers by f(x)=x21f(x) = x^2 - 1. If (x3)f(3)=6(x \star 3) \star f(3) = 6, what is the value of xx?

  1. A
    -2
  2. B
    4
  3. 5Answer
  4. D
    6
  5. E
    3

Answer

5
First, evaluate the function f(3)=321=8f(3) = 3^2 - 1 = 8. Next, evaluate the first custom operation x3=2x3x \star 3 = 2x - 3. Substituting these into the overall expression yields (2x3)8=2(2x3)8=4x14(2x - 3) \star 8 = 2(2x - 3) - 8 = 4x - 14. Setting this equal to 6 gives 4x14=64x - 14 = 6, which simplifies to 4x=204x = 20, so x=5x = 5.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate the inner function f(3)f(3)
f(3)=321=91=8f(3) = 3^2 - 1 = 9 - 1 = 8
Substitute x=3x = 3 into the given definition f(x)=x21f(x) = x^2 - 1.
2
Evaluate the inner custom operation x3x \star 3
x3=2x3x \star 3 = 2x - 3
Apply the custom operator rule ab=2aba \star b = 2a - b with a=xa = x and b=3b = 3.
3
Evaluate the outer custom operation (x3)f(3)(x \star 3) \star f(3)
(2x3)8=2(2x3)8=4x68=4x14(2x - 3) \star 8 = 2(2x - 3) - 8 = 4x - 6 - 8 = 4x - 14
Substitute the results from Step 1 and Step 2 into the custom operator definition.
4
Solve the algebraic equation for xx
4x14=6    4x=20    x=54x - 14 = 6 \implies 4x = 20 \implies x = 5
Set the simplified expression equal to 6 as given in the problem stem and isolate xx.

Key Concept

Custom Operator Evaluation and Nested Functions
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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