Question

Difficulty: HardSelect-in-Passage Question Analysis

Read the passage below and answer the question.

Linguists studying the historical divergence of the Sino-Tibetan language family have long debated whether shared structural traits among disparate dialects stem from genealogical inheritance or centuries of intense contact. Early typological models posited that tonal systems emerged independently as a compensatory mechanism following the loss of syllable-final consonants. However, recent comparative work utilizing phylogenetic phonology demonstrates that tone in Proto-Sino-Tibetan was already present as a contrastive feature rather than a late secondary development. This finding undermines the traditional assumption that structural simplicity inevitably precedes tonal complexity in Asian linguistic evolution. Nonetheless, some scholars contend that cross-linguistic lexical borrowing has blurred the boundaries between inherited traits and areal diffusion. Ultimately, isolating genetic relationships requires identifying regular sound correspondences that resist horizontal transfer across speech communities.

Select the sentence in the passage that presents empirical evidence challenging a long-held hypothesis regarding the origins of tonal features.

Answer: However, recent comparative work utilizing phylogenetic phonology demonstrates that tone in Proto-Sino-Tibetan was already present as a contrastive feature rather than a late secondary development. / However, recent comparative work utilizing phylogenetic phonology demonstrates that tone in Proto-Sino-Tibetan was already present as a contrastive feature rather than a late secondary development

Answer

However, recent comparative work utilizing phylogenetic phonology demonstrates that tone in Proto-Sino-Tibetan was already present as a contrastive feature rather than a late secondary development.
The sentence beginning with 'However, recent comparative work utilizing phylogenetic phonology...' presents specific empirical research results demonstrating that tone was an ancestral feature of Proto-Sino-Tibetan. This directly refutes the long-held typological hypothesis stated in the preceding sentence that tone developed late as a compensatory mechanism.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the long-held hypothesis referenced in the passage
The second sentence describes the traditional model ('Early typological models posited that tonal systems emerged independently as a compensatory mechanism...').
To find the sentence providing challenging evidence, one must first identify what specific hypothesis is being challenged.
2
Locate the sentence presenting concrete research or findings that contradict this hypothesis
The third sentence ('However, recent comparative work utilizing phylogenetic phonology demonstrates...') introduces empirical data showing tone was already present in Proto-Sino-Tibetan.
This sentence introduces the actual comparative research findings that disprove the idea of tone as a late compensatory development.
3
Distinguish the empirical evidence from its theoretical implications
The third sentence provides the empirical finding, whereas the fourth sentence explains the broader theoretical takeaway ('This finding undermines...').
Select-in-passage questions require identifying the exact sentence fulfilling the requested rhetorical role (empirical evidence) rather than adjacent statements discussing implications.

Key Concept

Select-in-Passage Question Analysis
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