Question

Difficulty: MediumSystems of Linear Equations
Consider the system of linear equations in two variables xx and yy:
2x−3y=a4x−6y=b\begin{aligned} 2x - 3y &= a \\ 4x - 6y &= b \end{aligned}
where aa and bb are real constants. Which of the following statements MUST be true? Select all that apply.
  1. If b=2ab = 2a, the system has infinitely many solutions.Answer
  2. If b≠2ab \neq 2a, the system has no solution.Answer
  3. C
    If a=0a = 0 and b=0b = 0, the system has a unique solution at (0,0)(0, 0).
  4. D
    There exist real values of aa and bb for which the system has exactly one solution.
  5. If b=2a+1b = 2a + 1, the lines represented by the equations in the xyxy-plane are parallel and distinct.Answer

Answer

The correct statements are: 'If b=2ab = 2a, the system has infinitely many solutions.', 'If b≠2ab \neq 2a, the system has no solution.', and 'If b=2a+1b = 2a + 1, the lines represented by the equations in the xyxy-plane are parallel and distinct.'
Statements asserting that the system has infinitely many solutions when b=2ab = 2a, no solution when b≠2ab \neq 2a, and parallel distinct lines when b=2a+1b = 2a + 1 are all mathematically sound. Multiplying the first equation by 2 reveals that the left sides are identical (4x−6y4x - 6y). Equality of the right sides (b=2ab = 2a) makes the lines identical, whereas inequality (b≠2ab \neq 2a) makes them parallel and distinct.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the coefficients of the system of equations.
The coefficients of xx and yy in the second equation (44 and −6-6) are exactly twice the coefficients of xx and yy in the first equation (22 and −3-3).
Comparing coefficient ratios determines line relationships (slopes).
2
Multiply the first equation by 2.
2(2x−3y)=2(a)  ⟹  4x−6y=2a2(2x - 3y) = 2(a) \implies 4x - 6y = 2a.
This puts the left side of the first equation in exact alignment with the second equation (4x−6y=b4x - 6y = b).
3
Evaluate the condition for infinitely many solutions.
If b=2ab = 2a, the two equations become 4x−6y=2a4x - 6y = 2a and 4x−6y=2a4x - 6y = 2a, which describe the exact same line, giving infinitely many solutions.
Coincident lines intersect at every point along the line.
4
Evaluate the condition for no solution.
If b≠2ab \neq 2a, subtracting the equations gives 0=b−2a≠00 = b - 2a \neq 0, a contradiction. Hence, the lines are parallel and distinct, meaning no solution exists.
Distinct parallel lines never intersect.
5
Examine specific cases such as b=2a+1b = 2a + 1 and a=0,b=0a=0, b=0.
For b=2a+1b = 2a + 1, since 2a+1≠2a2a + 1 \neq 2a, b≠2ab \neq 2a, confirming parallel distinct lines. For a=0,b=0a=0, b=0, b=2(0)=0b = 2(0) = 0, which yields infinitely many solutions rather than a unique solution.
Verifies specific option claims.

Key Concept

Systems of Linear Equations (Solvability and Geometric Interpretation)
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