Question

Difficulty: MediumTreatment of Owner's Capital, Drawings, and Goods Withdrawn

A sole proprietor, Kemi, began the financial year with an opening capital of ₦1,800,000₦1,800,000. During the year, the business earned a net profit of ₦450,000₦450,000. In the same period, Kemi withdrew ₦60,000₦60,000 in cash for personal use, took business inventory costing ₦40,000₦40,000 (with a retail selling price of ₦55,000₦55,000) for private domestic consumption, and paid a personal residential utility bill of ₦25,000₦25,000 directly from the business bank account. What is the value of Kemi's capital at the end of the financial year?

  1. ₦2,125,000₦2,125,000Answer
  2. B
    ₦2,110,000₦2,110,000
  3. C
    ₦2,375,000₦2,375,000
  4. D
    ₦2,165,000₦2,165,000

Answer

The value of Kemi's capital at the end of the financial year is ₦2,125,000₦2,125,000.
The correct closing capital is calculated by taking Opening Capital (₦1,800,000₦1,800,000), adding Net Profit (₦450,000₦450,000), and subtracting Total Drawings (₦125,000₦125,000). Total drawings include cash withdrawn (₦60,000₦60,000), goods withdrawn at cost (₦40,000₦40,000), and personal bills paid using business funds (₦25,000₦25,000). This gives ₦1,800,000+₦450,000−₦125,000=₦2,125,000₦1,800,000 + ₦450,000 - ₦125,000 = ₦2,125,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate total drawings made by the owner during the period.
Total Drawings = ₦60,000₦60,000 (cash) + ₦40,000₦40,000 (goods at cost) + ₦25,000₦25,000 (personal bill paid) = ₦125,000₦125,000.
Goods withdrawn for personal use must be recorded at cost price, and business cash paid for personal expenses is treated as drawings under the business entity concept.
2
Apply the closing capital formula for a sole trader.
Closing Capital = Opening Capital + Net Profit - Drawings = ₦1,800,000+₦450,000−₦125,000=₦2,125,000₦1,800,000 + ₦450,000 - ₦125,000 = ₦2,125,000.
Net profit increases equity while total drawings decrease equity in the Statement of Financial Position.

Key Concept

Treatment of Owner's Capital, Drawings, and Goods Withdrawn
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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