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Question

Difficulty: MediumActive and Passive Voice Transformation

Which verb phrase correctly completes the passive voice transformation of the active sentence provided below?

Answer:Active Sentence: "The board of directors had turned down several lucrative acquisition proposals before the market crashed."

Passive Transformation: "Several lucrative acquisition proposals 【had been turned down】 by the board of directors before the market crashed."

Answer

had been turned down
The active sentence uses the past perfect verb phrase 'had turned down'. In passive voice transformation, past perfect verbs require the auxiliary sequence 'had been' followed by the past participle and original particle, yielding 'had been turned down'.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the tense and aspect of the active verb phrase.
The active verb phrase 'had turned down' is in the past perfect tense.
The active sentence describes an action completed prior to another past event ('before the market crashed').
2
Form the corresponding past perfect passive construction.
The past perfect passive formula is 'had' + 'been' + past participle ('turned') + particle ('down').
Converting an active past perfect structure to passive voice requires introducing the auxiliary 'been' while keeping the phrasal verb particle intact.

Key Concept

Passive voice transformation of past perfect phrasal verbs
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Topics

Active and Passive Voice Transformation

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