Question

Difficulty: MediumPreparation of Manufacturing Account and Cost of Production

The following balances were extracted from the books of Zenith Manufacturing Works for the financial year ended 31 December 2025:

ItemAmount (₦)
Direct raw materials consumed500,000
Direct factory wages paid220,000
Accrued direct factory wages at year-end30,000
Factory overhead expenses180,000
Carriage outwards40,000
Work-in-progress (1 January 2025)80,000
Work-in-progress (31 December 2025)30,000

What is the total cost of production to be transferred to the Trading Account for the year?

  1. A
    ₦880,000
  2. ₦980,000Answer
  3. C
    ₦920,000
  4. D
    ₦1,020,000

Answer

The total cost of production transferred to the Trading Account is ₦980,000.
The cost of production is computed by combining prime cost (direct materials consumed ₦500,000 plus total direct labour of ₦250,000) with factory overheads (₦180,000), giving total manufacturing costs of ₦930,000. Adjusting for work-in-progress by adding opening WIP (₦80,000) and deducting closing WIP (₦30,000) results in ₦980,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate Total Direct Labour Cost
₦220,000 + ₦30,000 = ₦250,000
Accrued direct wages at year-end must be added to direct wages paid to establish the full direct labour expense for the period.
2
Calculate Prime Cost
₦500,000 + ₦250,000 = ₦750,000
Prime Cost is the sum of direct raw materials consumed, direct labour, and direct expenses.
3
Add Factory Overheads
₦750,000 + ₦180,000 = ₦930,000
Factory overheads are indirect production costs added to Prime Cost.
4
Adjust for Opening and Closing Work-in-Progress (WIP)
₦930,000 + ₦80,000 - ₦30,000 = ₦980,000
Opening work-in-progress is added because it represents incomplete work from the previous period completed now, while closing work-in-progress is subtracted as it remains unfinished at year-end.

Key Concept

Calculation of Cost of Production in Manufacturing Accounts
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