Question

Difficulty: MediumCumulative Frequency and Ogive

The cumulative frequency distribution table below shows the mass of cocoa beans (in kg) harvested by 4040 smallholder farmers in a agricultural cooperative:

Mass (kg)Cumulative Frequency
≤20\leq 2044
≤30\leq 301212
≤40\leq 402828
≤50\leq 503636
≤60\leq 604040

Using linear interpolation from the cumulative frequency table, what is the median mass (in kg) of cocoa beans harvested by the farmers?

Answer: 35 kg

Answer

The median mass of cocoa beans harvested by the farmers is 35.0 kg35.0\text{ kg}.
The total number of farmers is N=40N = 40. The median corresponds to the 402=20th\frac{40}{2} = 20^{\text{th}} position. From the cumulative frequency table, the 20th20^{\text{th}} item lies within the 30−40 kg30 - 40\text{ kg} class interval. Using the grouped median formula Median=L+(N2−c.f.f)×w\text{Median} = L + \left(\frac{\frac{N}{2} - c.f.}{f}\right) \times w, where L=30L = 30, c.f.=12c.f. = 12, f=28−12=16f = 28 - 12 = 16, and w=10w = 10, we obtain Median=30+(20−1216)×10=35.0 kg\text{Median} = 30 + \left(\frac{20 - 12}{16}\right) \times 10 = 35.0\text{ kg}.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Find the median position in the cumulative frequency distribution
Median position =N2=402=20th= \frac{N}{2} = \frac{40}{2} = 20^{\text{th}} item
The median corresponds to the 50th percentile, which is half of the total cumulative frequency N=40N = 40.
2
Locate the median class interval and extract its statistical parameters
Median class interval is 30−40 kg30 - 40\text{ kg}, with lower limit L=30 kgL = 30\text{ kg}, preceding cumulative frequency c.f.=12c.f. = 12, class frequency f=28−12=16f = 28 - 12 = 16, and width w=10 kgw = 10\text{ kg}
The cumulative frequency just below 2020 is 1212 (at upper boundary 3030), and at upper boundary 4040 it rises to 2828.
3
Substitute values into the grouped data median formula
\text{Median} = 30 + \left(\frac{20 - 12}{16}\right) \times 10 = 30 + 5 = 35.0\text{ kg}
Linear interpolation estimates the exact position of the median within the median class interval.

Key Concept

Calculation of Median from Cumulative Frequency Data
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